Convergent evolution of strigolactone perception enabled host detection in parasitic plants

Conn, Caitlin E.; Bythell-Douglas, Rohan; Neumann, Drexel A.; Yoshida, Satoko; Whittington, Bryan; Westwood, James H.; Shirasu, Ken; Bond, Charles S.; Dyer, Kelly A.; Nelson, David C.

doi:10.1126/science.aab1140

Cited by 274 publications

(345 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Intriguingly, a high number of KAI2/HTL genes are present in the P. patens genome compared with angiosperms but also with Selaginella and Marchantia (Delaux et al, 2012). A similar KAI2/HTL gene expansion is found in parasitic plants (Conn et al, 2015;Tsuchiya et al, 2015). Interestingly, in these species, it was suggested that some of these KAI2/HTL homologs could be SL receptors (Conn et al, 2015).…”

Section: The Origin and Evolution Of Sl Signalingmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…A similar KAI2/HTL gene expansion is found in parasitic plants (Conn et al, 2015;Tsuchiya et al, 2015). Interestingly, in these species, it was suggested that some of these KAI2/HTL homologs could be SL receptors (Conn et al, 2015). It should be noted that, despite SLs being detected in basal plants, the SL signaling pathway is poorly described in these plants.…”

Section: The Origin and Evolution Of Sl Signalingmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Strigolactone biosynthesis and signaling in plant development

et al. 2015

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Strigolactones (SLs), first identified for their role in parasitic and symbiotic interactions in the rhizosphere, constitute the most recently discovered group of plant hormones. They are best known for their role in shoot branching but, more recently, roles for SLs in other aspects of plant development have emerged. In the last five years, insights into the SL biosynthetic pathway have also been revealed and several key components of the SL signaling pathway have been identified. Here, and in the accompanying poster, we summarize our current understanding of the SL pathway and discuss how this pathway regulates plant development.

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Section: The Origin and Evolution Of Sl Signalingmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: The Origin and Evolution Of Sl Signalingmentioning

confidence: 94%

Strigolactone biosynthesis and signaling in plant development

et al. 2015

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“…It is possible that wholesale duplication of this signaling pathway in the vascular plant lineage gave rise to the D14 and SMXL6,7,8/D53 clades, and that subsequent coevolution of the receptor-target pairs created separate signaling pathways for SL and KAR/KL (Bennett and Leyser, 2014). Interestingly, this signaling system has evolved more recently at the receptor level in parasitic plants in the Orobanchaceae family, in which SL perception through KAI2 is the basis of hosttriggered germination (Conn et al, 2015;Toh et al, 2015;Tsuchiya et al, 2015).…”

Section: Evolutionary Diversification Of Butenolide Signaling Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

SMAX1-LIKE/D53 Family Members Enable Distinct MAX2-Dependent Responses to Strigolactones and Karrikins in Arabidopsis

et al. 2015

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The plant hormones strigolactones and smoke-derived karrikins are butenolide signals that control distinct aspects of plant development. Perception of both molecules in Arabidopsis thaliana requires the F-box protein MORE AXILLARY GROWTH2 (MAX2). Recent studies suggest that the homologous SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2 1 (SMAX1) in Arabidopsis and DWARF53 (D53) in rice (Oryza sativa) are downstream targets of MAX2. Through an extensive analysis of loss-of-function mutants, we demonstrate that the Arabidopsis SMAX1-LIKE genes SMXL6, SMXL7, and SMXL8 are co-orthologs of rice D53 that promote shoot branching. SMXL7 is degraded rapidly after treatment with the synthetic strigolactone mixture rac-GR24. Like D53, SMXL7 degradation is MAX2-and D14-dependent and can be prevented by deletion of a putative P-loop. Loss of SMXL6,7,8 suppresses several other strigolactone-related phenotypes in max2, including increased auxin transport and PIN1 accumulation, and increased lateral root density. Although only SMAX1 regulates germination and hypocotyl elongation, SMAX1 and SMXL6,7,8 have complementary roles in the control of leaf morphology. Our data indicate that SMAX1 and SMXL6,7,8 repress karrikin and strigolactone signaling, respectively, and suggest that all MAX2-dependent growth effects are mediated by degradation of SMAX1/SMXL proteins. We propose that functional diversification within the SMXL family enabled responses to different butenolide signals through a shared regulatory mechanism.

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“…The promoter regions of these genes contain a root hair-specific ciselement called RHE (for root hair element), which is functionally conserved among root hair genes in a wide range of angiosperms with distinct root hair distribution patterns (Kim et al, 2006). A BLAST search using the full-length sequence of AtEXP7 against the draft assembly of the P. japonicum genome (Conn et al, 2015) identified nine P. japonicum contigs (Supplemental Fig. S1A), each of which encodes a protein with a conserved central expansin domain (Li et al, 2002).…”

Section: Expression Of a Root Hair Marker Gene In The Haustoriummentioning

confidence: 99%

Haustorial Hairs Are Specialized Root Hairs That Support Parasitism in the Facultative Parasitic Plant Phtheirospermum japonicum

et al. 2015

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A haustorium is the unique organ that invades host tissues and establishes vascular connections. Haustorium formation is a key event in parasitism, but its underlying molecular basis is largely unknown. Here, we use Phtheirospermum japonicum, a facultative root parasite in the Orobanchaceae, as a model parasitic plant. We performed a forward genetic screen to identify mutants with altered haustorial morphologies. The development of the haustorium in P. japonicum is induced by host-derived compounds such as 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone. After receiving the signal, the parasite root starts to swell to develop a haustorium, and haustorial hairs proliferate to densely cover the haustorium surface. We isolated mutants that show defects in haustorial hair formation and named them haustorial hair defective (hhd) mutants. The hhd mutants are also defective in root hair formation, indicating that haustorial hair formation is controlled by the root hair development program. The internal structures of the haustoria in the hhd mutants are similar to those of the wild type, indicating that the haustorial hairs are not essential for host invasion. However, all the hhd mutants form fewer haustoria than the wild type upon infection of the host roots. The number of haustoria is restored when the host and parasite roots are forced to grow closely together, suggesting that the haustorial hairs play a role in stabilizing the host-parasite association. Thus, our study provides genetic evidence for the regulation and function of haustorial hairs in the parasitic plant.

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Convergent evolution of strigolactone perception enabled host detection in parasitic plants

Cited by 274 publications

References 42 publications

Strigolactone biosynthesis and signaling in plant development

Strigolactone biosynthesis and signaling in plant development

SMAX1-LIKE/D53 Family Members Enable Distinct MAX2-Dependent Responses to Strigolactones and Karrikins in Arabidopsis

Haustorial Hairs Are Specialized Root Hairs That Support Parasitism in the Facultative Parasitic Plant Phtheirospermum japonicum

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