Conversion of Shrimp Head Waste for Production of a Thermotolerant, Detergent-Stable, Alkaline Protease by Paenibacillus sp.

Abstract

Fishery processing by-products have been of great interest to researchers due to their beneficial applications in many fields. In this study, five types of marine by-products, including demineralized crab shell, demineralized shrimp shell, shrimp head, shrimp shell, and squid pen, provided sources of carbon and nitrogen nutrition by producing a protease from Paenibacillus sp. TKU047. Strain TKU047 demonstrated the highest protease productivity (2.98 U/mL) when cultured for two days on a medium containing 0.5% of shrimp head powder (SHP). The mass of TKU047 protease was determined to be 32 kDa (approximately). TKU047 protease displayed optimal activity at 70–80 °C and pH 9, with a pH range of stability from 6 to 11. TKU047 protease also showed stability in solutions containing surfactants and detergents. Based on its excellent properties, Paenibacillus sp. TKU047 protease may be a feasible candidate for inclusion in laundry detergents.

Microbial Conversion of Shrimp Heads to Proteases and Chitin as an Effective Dye Adsorbent

“…SHP is the waste from the fishery process, and it can be a cost-effective source. Indeed, several studies have used SHP as the nutrition source for producing various biological compounds, including proteases [ 16 , 18 , 33 ]. Hence, SHP was finally selected as the appropriate nutritional source for fermentation by P. mucilaginosus TKU032 to produce proteases.…”

“…TKU047 and P. tezpurensis sp. nov. AS-S24-II [ 18 , 44 ]. The stability of the protease was maximum in the range from pH 5 to 10.…”

“…Shin-Ma Frozen Food Co. (I-Lan, Taiwan) provided the chitinous fishery by-products (crab shells, squid heads, and shrimp shells), and Fwu-Sow Industry (Taichung, Taiwan) provided shrimp heads. Crab shells and shrimp shells were demineralized according to the method stated in a previous study [ 18 ]. In short, crab shells and shrimp heads were treated for two days with 2 N HCl solution and then rinsed with tap water to remove the residual acid.…”

“…Proteases are a group of hydrolytic enzymes that cleave to the peptide bond in the protein structure [ 18 ]. They are found in various living creatures, including plants, animals, and microbes.…”

Coagulation of Chitin Production Wastewater from Shrimp Scraps with By-Product Chitosan and Chemical Coagulants

“…As a consequence, the industry produces large quantities of wastewater streams that contains a significant number of chemical residues with highly acidic and highly alkaline flows, as well as high levels of organic matter (mostly protein), minerals, and pigments that are toxic to the environment and a risk to human health . Currently, chitin production processes have not widely adopted the use of cleaner production methods that can increase the efficiencies of raw material utilization and reduce the environmental pollution issues [5,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. In addition, the key organic were taken from the equalization tank of the wastewater treatment system and characterized as shown in Table 1.…”