Correlation of urinary cotinine with cardiovascular risk factors in pan masala tobacco users

Abstract

Background Tobacco consumption is considered as one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular (CV) morbidity. However, the effect of paan masala tobacco (PMT) (a type of smokeless tobacco) consumption has not been well studied in our context. Our study is aimed to find an association of CV risk factors between PMT users and nonusers and to correlate those parameters with urinary cotinine level, a degradation product of nicotine occurring in tobacco. Methods This comparative cross-sectional study was carried out among 200 participants. The effect of PMT use on CV risk factors such as blood pressure (BP), lipid profile, and body mass index was measured against urine cotinine level. Statistical tests used were χ 2 test for categorical variable, independent t -test, Mann–Whitney U test, and Spearman's correlation applied for numerical variable, and multivariate regression analysis was performed as required. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Result Mean BP, total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and median cotinine level were found to be significantly higher in PMT users than in controls ( p < 0.001). Urinary cotinine level was positively correlated with mean BP, TC, TG, and LDL-C in PMT users ( p < 0.001). Similarly, the odds of having hypercholesterolemia and increased diastolic BP was also significantly higher in PMT users ( p < 0.001). Conclusion PMT use has an adverse effect on CV risk parameters and there is a rational of cotinine measurement for screening CV risk among PMT users.

Smokeless Tobacco and Its Ill-Effects: Recent Literature Update

“…28 Another cross-sectional study found total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) significantly higher in pan masala tobacco chewer. 29 In a prospective Swedish study with a follow-up of 8 years found 1.5 times higher risk of ischemic and 1.6 times risk of total stroke in nonsmoking Snus user as compared with nonusers. 30 A Swedish study analyzed the all-cause mortality of falsely promoted safe product so called Snus.…”

Korelasi Kadar Kotinin dan Kolesterol LDL Serum pada Mahasiswa Universitas Andalas

“…Hasil penelitian tersebut kadar kotinin urin berkorelasi positif dengan kadar kolesterol LDL serum pengguna tembakau dengan nilai 0,500 (p<001). 30 Hasil analisis deksriptif menunjukkan terdapat dua subyek yang memiliki nilai kolesterol LDL serum tertinggi dan merupakan outlier dalam data subyek yang berhasil dikumpulkan. dilakukan eksklusi pada data subyek tersebut dan hasil akhir didapatkan subyek berjumlah 122 orang.…”

“…35 Penelitian korelasi status merokok yang menggunakan kotinin dan kolesterol LDL untuk membuktikan adanya pengaruh asap rokok yang mengandung nikotin terhadap resiko PJK yang berasal dari profil lipid telah dilakukan sebelumnya. 5,9,16,30 Penelitian lain mendapatkan hasil berbeda, dimana peningkatan kotinin serum memiliki korelasi tidak bermakna dengan profil lipid, yang disebabkan oleh desain penelitian potong lintang yang mengambil paparan asap rokok bersifat jangka pendek, sementara efek paparan asap rokok mungkin baru dapat dilihat dalam jangka panjang. 29 Adanya pengaruh dari waktu pengukuran paparan asap rokok terhadap biomarker yang digunakan, menyebabkan perlunya biomarker dengan jangka waktu lebih lama dari kotinin serum atau biomarker faktor resiko PJK yang dapat dideteksi dalam jangka waktu pendek.…”

Detection of Vascular Inflammation and Oxidative Stress by Cotinine in Smokers: Measured Through Interleukin-6 and Superoxide Dismutase

“…These factors were related to oxidative stress and inflammation mechanisms, especially cigarette smoke, which plays a significant role in CVD development. [3][4][5][6] Smoking behaviour is a common habit in many countries. Indonesia is ranked third with the highest number of smokers in the world (9.91 million), after China (26.5 million) and India (19.8 million).…”