Coupled defects in one-dimensional photonic crystal films fabricated with glancing angle deposition

Hawkeye, Matthew M.; Joseph, Robert Anthony; Sit, Jeremy C.; Brett, Michael

doi:10.1364/oe.18.013220

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The column packing density, determined by the ballistic shadowing length, is controlled by changing α , providing a simple, yet accurate, method of tailoring the refractive index of a single material 42. To fabricate 1D PCs, α is periodically changed during deposition, creating the required periodic refractive index profile 22–26. In this work, the high‐ and low‐index PC sublayers were deposited at 60° and 80°, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The glancing angle deposition (GLAD) technique solves many of these issues and provides an excellent platform for sensor technology 21. GLAD offers several advantages for PC sensor fabrication: complex PC devices can be prepared in a single fabrication step,22 the process is compatible with a wide range of materials (e.g., MgF 2 ,23 Si,24 TiO 2 ,25 and In 2 O 3 :Sn26), and high‐surface‐area nanostructural geometries can be engineered 27. These advantages provide great flexibility, making GLAD sensors useful in a number of areas: electrical28 and optical29, 30 chemical sensors, porous electrodes for electrochemical sensing,31 chromatographic separation media,32 nanostructured metals for surface‐enhanced Raman scattering,33 and localized surface plasmon resonance sensors 34.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimized Colorimetric Photonic‐Crystal Humidity Sensor Fabricated Using Glancing Angle Deposition

Hawkeye

Brett

2011

Adv Funct Materials

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123

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Colorimetric sensing, where environmental changes are transduced into visual color changes, provides an intuitively simple yet powerful detection mechanism that is well‐suited to the realization of low‐cost and low‐power sensors. A new approach in colorimetric sensing exploits the structural colour of photonic crystals (PCs) to create new color‐changing materials, however much work is still required to simultaneously achieve optimized sensor response and low‐cost, scalable nanofabrication. This work responds to these challenges by designing, fabricating and evaluating a mesoporous PC sensor optimized to exhibit as large as possible color‐shift in response to small changes in relative humidity (RH). A novel design optimization is achieved by employing a colorimetric framework that translates simulated/measured spectral quantities into numeric color values directly related to color perception. The sensor design is then realized using a mesoporous TiO2 PC, fabricated using glancing angle deposition (GLAD). The GLAD technique is a bottom‐up, single‐step nanofabrication method providing the nanoscale precision required to successfully realize the optimized PC design. The PC sensor is shown to be highly sensitive and stable: the PC structural‐color changes visibly due to RH changes smaller than 1%, and the response is stable over hundreds of hours of sensor operation. Additionally, measurements and simulations are used to reveal the important link between the PC optical modes, pore geometry, and sensor response which will be useful in future PC sensor experiments. The combination of bottom‐up nanofabrication with visible color‐based sensing, coupled with the useful design methodology, will lead to further developments in low‐cost, widely deployable optical sensors.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimized Colorimetric Photonic‐Crystal Humidity Sensor Fabricated Using Glancing Angle Deposition

Hawkeye

Brett

2011

Adv Funct Materials

Self Cite

123

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“…To further control the light within the photonic band gaps of rugate structures, defects are introduced, i.e., the refractive index is locally modified. This has been shown in recent studies using the glancing angle deposition technique (GLAD) [15,[17][18][19][20][21]. On the basis of oblique thin structure deposition and substrate rotation, GLAD is able to fabricate continuous gradientindex structures with localized defects at micro-or nano-scale in a one-step way using a single optical material [15,[17][18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Properties of Phase Shift Defects in One-Dimensional Rugate Photonic Structures

Liu¹,

2011

PIER

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Abstract-We theoretically investigated optical properties of phase shift defects in one-dimensional rugate photonic structures at oblique incidence. Transmission spectra and energy density distributions of such continuous gradient-index structures with phase shift defects were numerically calculated for TE and TM waves using the propagation matrix method. The study shows that when the angle of incidence increases, (1) the wavelength of the defect mode shifts to a shorter wavelength, (2) the stop band of the rugate structure moves toward a shorter wavelength region, (3) the bandwidth is enlarged for TE wave, but it is shortened for TM wave, (4) the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the defect mode decreases for TE wave but it increases for TM wave, (5) the peak energy density increases and then drops for TE wave, while it always decreases for TM wave. The effect of number of periods of rugate structures on the energy density distribution was also examined.

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“…For instance, films with a porous structure have been shown to well operate in various applications such as solar cell [9], photonic crystals [10], optical filters [11], gas sensors [12] and photo-catalysis [13]. Thus, many novel physical and chemical properties of thin films can also be easily engineered [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of angle deposition γ on the structural, optical and electrical properties of copper oxide zigzag (+γ, −γ) nanostructures elaborated by glancing angle deposition

et al. 2018

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In this work, Cu x O thin films were obtained by air annealing of copper thin films deposited on glass substrates using thermal evaporation method by Glancing Angle Deposition "GLAD" technique. The copper was sculptured into a zigzag shape, which presents two columns with inclined angles + and-where is the deposition angle between the incident flux and the substrate normal. Morphological, structural, optical and electrical properties of the obtained thin films were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis-NIR Spectroscopy and electrical resistivity measurements. The XRD patterns revealed that thin films deposited at different incident angles are mainly crystallized in Cu 2 O cubic phase characterized by the preferential orientation along (111) plane. The optical parameters were calculated from the analysis of the transmittance and reflectance spectra in the wavelength range 300-1800 nm. Theabsorptioncoefficient exceeds 10 5 cm-1 in the visible and NIR spectral ranges. Direct band gap energy increases from 2 to 2.54 eV with deposition angle. The in-plane birefringence and the anisotropic resistivity of the Cu 2 O films were also studied. Their maxima were obtained at incident flux angle of = 60°. Therefore, the GLAD technique is a promising way to create zigzag nanostructures with enhanced anisotropic properties.

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Coupled defects in one-dimensional photonic crystal films fabricated with glancing angle deposition

Cited by 17 publications

References 34 publications

Optimized Colorimetric Photonic‐Crystal Humidity Sensor Fabricated Using Glancing Angle Deposition

Optimized Colorimetric Photonic‐Crystal Humidity Sensor Fabricated Using Glancing Angle Deposition

Properties of Phase Shift Defects in One-Dimensional Rugate Photonic Structures

Effect of angle deposition γ on the structural, optical and electrical properties of copper oxide zigzag (+γ, −γ) nanostructures elaborated by glancing angle deposition

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