Critical Materials Recovery from Solutions and Wastes: Retrospective and Outlook

Diallo, Mamadou S.; Baier, Gretchen; Moyer, Bruce A.; Hamelers, H.V.M.

doi:10.1021/acs.est.5b03694

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The increased interest in scandium is associated with its application in various industries [5][6][7]. Small amounts of scandium are found in ores of aluminum, cobalt, iron, molybdenum, nickel, phosphate, titanium, tungsten, uranium, and others [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentration of Rare Earth Elements (Sc, Y, La, Ce, Nd, Sm) in Bauxite Residue (Red Mud) Obtained by Water and Alkali Leaching of Bauxite Sintering Dust

et al. 2020

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One of the potential sources of rare-earth elements (REE) is the industrial waste known as red mud (bauxite residue), in which the majority of REE from the initial bauxite are concentrated via the Bayer process. Therefore, the studies of the subject, both in Russia and outside, focus almost exclusively on red mud processing. This article looks into the possibility of REE concentration into red mud by leaching an intermediate product of the bauxite sintering process at Russian alumina refineries, namely electrostatic precipitator (ESP) dust. The experimental works were performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD)and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) of the sinter and sinter dust. The determination of major and rare-earth elements in the sinter from the rotary kilns and in the ESP dust before and after leaching was carried out by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The study showed that it is possible to obtain red mud that contains three times more REE than traditional waste red mud after two-stage leaching ESP dust in the water at 95 °C followed by leaching in an alkaline-aluminate liquor at 240 °C. The shrinking core model was used to study the kinetics of leaching of the original ESP dust and water-treated dust in alkaline-aluminate liquor. The study showed the change in the limiting stage of the alkaline leaching process after water treatment, with the activation energy growing from 24.98 to 33.19 kJ/mol.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentration of Rare Earth Elements (Sc, Y, La, Ce, Nd, Sm) in Bauxite Residue (Red Mud) Obtained by Water and Alkali Leaching of Bauxite Sintering Dust

et al. 2020

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“…Phosphorus is a chemical element which is primarily obtained from the phosphate rock. Sustainable supply of this element is essential for plants and animals, in particular for the security of food supply (Diallo et al, 2015). For over half a century, phosphorus has been one of the non-substitutable resources in food production (Jacobs et al, 2017) and about 50% of food production is based on the use of mineral phosphate rock Wellmer, 2013, 2015a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental sustainability of phosphorus recycling from wastewater, manure and solid wastes

Golroudbary

Wali

Krasławski

2019

Science of The Total Environment

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Phosphorus (P) is an important critical material essential for crops cultivation and animal husbandry. Effective phosphorous recycling is considered one of the most significant factors in alleviating its criticality. However, despite the importance of phosphorous recycling, its sustainability is not studied extensively. This paper aims to answer the question if recycling of phosphorus is an environmentally sustainable option. To address this problem, two issues are analyzed in this paper: energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in phosphorous recycling. The analysis was performed by simulating mass and energy flows in the global phosphorus supply chain (from mining to recycling) in order to understand and analyze its environmental impact in 2000-2050. The results of simulation show that around 82% of recycled phosphorous originates from manure. Moreover, the calculations indicate that about 70% of total GHG emissions from phosphorous recycling is caused by wastewater processing. In addition, the results show that phosphorous obtained from recycled wastewater constitutes only 2% of the whole amount recovered in the recycling process. Therefore, the obtained results show a clear need for a detailed analysis of the sustainability of phosphorous recycling processes. Moreover, the analysis of scenarios of phosphorus consumption indicates that GHG emissions increase slowly in the mining phase and grow exponentially in the recycling stage.The main finding of this paper contradicts the general opinion about environmental friendliness of recycling. It shows that phosphorus recycling is not a sustainable solution in a longer perspective.

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Spacer-induced forward osmosis membrane integrity loss during gypsum scaling

2016

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1We demonstrated forward osmosis (FO) membrane integrity loss during gypsum scaling 2 with the presence of membrane spacer. The gypsum scalant had preferential accumulation 3 adjacent to membrane spacer where the needle-shape gypsum potentially compromised 4 polyamide thin-film composite FO membrane integrity. However, the loss of FO membrane 5 integrity cannot be sensitively detected by in situ measurements of membrane water and salt 6 (NaCl) permeability coefficients. We, for the first time, employed membrane integrity challenge 7 tests to reveal the impaired FO membrane integrity by fluorescent Rhodamine WT tracer and 8 amine-modified latex nanoparticles, respectively. Challenge tests using Rhodamine WT tracer 9showed that membrane log removal value decreased to 3.5 after three scaling-cleaning cycles, 10 which corresponded to a pinhole size of 0.06 µm 2 on the FO membrane surface. This result was 11 further corroborated by challenge tests using latex nanoparticle where the particle size 12 distribution in the permeate became wider and the average particle size increased over the three 13 scaling-cleaning cycles. Both challenge tests were sensitive enough to identify impaired FO 14 membrane integrity. Results reported here have significant implications for achieving better 15 membrane spacer and module design, as well as demanding periodical monitoring of FO 16 membrane integrity in water reuse. 17 18

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Critical Materials Recovery from Solutions and Wastes: Retrospective and Outlook

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Concentration of Rare Earth Elements (Sc, Y, La, Ce, Nd, Sm) in Bauxite Residue (Red Mud) Obtained by Water and Alkali Leaching of Bauxite Sintering Dust

Concentration of Rare Earth Elements (Sc, Y, La, Ce, Nd, Sm) in Bauxite Residue (Red Mud) Obtained by Water and Alkali Leaching of Bauxite Sintering Dust

Environmental sustainability of phosphorus recycling from wastewater, manure and solid wastes

Spacer-induced forward osmosis membrane integrity loss during gypsum scaling

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