Crustal deformation on the Chinese mainland during 1998–2014 based on GPS data

Zhao, Bin; Yong, Huang; Zhang, Caihong; Wei, Wensheng; Tang, Kai; Du, Rinlin

doi:10.1016/j.geog.2014.12.006

Cited by 155 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…We interpolate the secular linear velocity in the ITRF2008 frame at each site based on an integrated preearthquake velocity field compiled with recently published velocities (Ader et al, ; Zhao, Huang et al, ). Ader et al () provide an updated version of secular motions in the Nepal Himalaya region.…”

Section: Gps Data and Transient Postseismic Displacementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their results densely cover the Nepal region; however, there are only few stations in the southern Tibetan Plateau. Zhao, Huang, et al () published a new velocity field of the CMONOC network spanning 2009 to 2014, including a large number of stations in South Tibet. The respective velocity fields were put into a common reference frame through translations and rotations following Mazzotti et al ().…”

Section: Gps Data and Transient Postseismic Displacementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Uncertainties in GPS velocities vary from site to site, and standard errors may not adequately reflect realistic uncertainties from all sources. To make sure that the common stations in the two solutions contribute equal weights in the transformation, we scale the uncertainties of velocities from Zhao, Huang, et al () by a factor of 2. An improved strain analysis method based on Shen et al, () is then used to interpolate velocities at each site based on the integrated spatially dense velocities.…”

Section: Gps Data and Transient Postseismic Displacementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dominant Controls of Downdip Afterslip and Viscous Relaxation on the Postseismic Displacements Following the M_w7.9 Gorkha, Nepal, Earthquake

et al. 2017

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We analyze three‐dimensional GPS coordinate time series from continuously operating stations in Nepal and South Tibet and calculate the initial 1 year postseismic displacements. We first investigate models of poroelastic rebound, afterslip, and viscoelastic relaxation individually and then attempt to resolve the trade‐offs between their contributions by evaluating the misfit between observed and simulated displacements. We compare kinematic inversions for distributed afterslip with stress‐driven afterslip models. The modeling results show that no single mechanism satisfactorily explains near‐ and far‐field postseismic deformation following the Gorkha earthquake. When considering contributions from all three mechanisms, we favor a combination of viscoelastic relaxation and afterslip alone, as poroelastic rebound always worsens the misfit. The combined model does not improve the data misfit significantly, but the inverted afterslip distribution is more physically plausible. The inverted afterslip favors slip within the brittle‐ductile transition zone downdip of the coseismic rupture and fills the small gap between the mainshock and largest aftershock slip zone, releasing only 7% of the coseismic moment. Our preferred model also illuminates the laterally heterogeneous rheological structure between India and the South Tibet. The transient and steady state viscosities of the upper mantle beneath Tibet are constrained to be greater than 1018 Pa s and 1019 Pa s, whereas the Indian upper mantle has a high viscosity ≥1020 Pa s. The viscosity in the lower crust of southern Tibet shows a clear trade‐off with its southward extent and thickness, suggesting an upper bound value of ~8 × 1019 Pa s for its steady state viscosity.

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Section: Gps Data and Transient Postseismic Displacementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gps Data and Transient Postseismic Displacementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gps Data and Transient Postseismic Displacementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Dominant Controls of Downdip Afterslip and Viscous Relaxation on the Postseismic Displacements Following the M_w7.9 Gorkha, Nepal, Earthquake

et al. 2017

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“…Tectonic evolution in the Tibetan Plateau (Tibet) has been dominated by crustal compression and shortening as well as mountain building immediately since the initial continental collision between India and Asia about 50–70 Ma (e.g., Molnar & Tapponnier, ; Yin & Harrison, ). Consequently, we can observe theatrical difference between the western and eastern halves of China, in terms of the elevation (Royden et al, ) and thickness of the crust (Kind et al, ), horizontal movement rate (Wang et al, ; Zhao et al, ), and seismicity. Most seismic hazards inside mainland China occurred in the transition zone between Tibet and eastern cratons (the Yangtze Craton in the south and the North China Craton in the north), or “North‐South Seismic Zone” (red dashed rectangle in Figure ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Topography and bathymetry around China and India with tectonic interpretations. Strong earthquakes (

M_{w} >

7) and GPS velocity relative to Eurasia (Zhao et al, ) are represented by red circles and blue arrows, respectively. QDB and SCB refer to Qaidam Basin and Sichuan Basin, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic Structure Beneath the Tibetan Plateau From Iterative Finite‐Frequency Tomography Based on ChinArray: New Insights Into the Indo‐Asian Collision

et al. 2020

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Indo‐Asian continental collision has contributed to the growth of the Tibetan Plateau, which is one of the most prominent uplifts worldwide since Cenozoic. The crustal and upper‐mantle structures are key factors in understanding the evolutionary process as well as lateral growth of the plateau. We present a new 3‐D seismic model beneath the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas, which uses a large‐scale dense array from iterative finite‐frequency tomography. The new tomographic images show obvious east‐west geometrical change of the northward Indian lithosphere by high‐velocity anomalies beneath Tibet. The high‐velocity anomaly extends to Pamir in the western side, but it only reaches north Lhasa in central and eastern Tibet. A convective removal of the thickened Tibetan lithosphere is observed as a high‐velocity anomaly, followed by a subvertical subduction of the Indian mantle lithosphere beneath the Bangong‐Nujiang Suture in central Tibet. We speculate its link to the widespread magmatism and rapid uplift of central Tibet in late Miocene. A high‐velocity gap between 100 and 250 km underneath the Longmenshan fault indicates that lithospheric delamination may play an important role in surface evolution between eastern Tibet and surrounding rigid blocks. Our detailed seismological model will give an insight into how the continents collide.

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A new paradigm for large earthquakes in stable continental plate interiors

Calais

Camelbeeck

Stein

et al. 2016

Geophysical Research Letters

194

133

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Large earthquakes within stable continental regions (SCR) show that significant amounts of elastic strain can be released on geological structures far from plate boundary faults, where the vast majority of the Earth's seismic activity takes place. SCR earthquakes show spatial and temporal patterns that differ from those at plate boundaries and occur in regions where tectonic loading rates are negligible. However, in the absence of a more appropriate model, they are traditionally viewed as analogous to their plate boundary counterparts, occurring when the accrual of tectonic stress localized at long‐lived active faults reaches failure threshold. Here we argue that SCR earthquakes are better explained by transient perturbations of local stress or fault strength that release elastic energy from a prestressed lithosphere. As a result, SCR earthquakes can occur in regions with no previous seismicity and no surface evidence for strain accumulation. They need not repeat, since the tectonic loading rate is close to zero. Therefore, concepts of recurrence time or fault slip rate do not apply. As a consequence, seismic hazard in SCRs is likely more spatially distributed than indicated by paleoearthquakes, current seismicity, or geodetic strain rates.

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Crustal deformation on the Chinese mainland during 1998–2014 based on GPS data

Cited by 155 publications

References 26 publications

Dominant Controls of Downdip Afterslip and Viscous Relaxation on the Postseismic Displacements Following the M_w7.9 Gorkha, Nepal, Earthquake

Dominant Controls of Downdip Afterslip and Viscous Relaxation on the Postseismic Displacements Following the M_w7.9 Gorkha, Nepal, Earthquake

Seismic Structure Beneath the Tibetan Plateau From Iterative Finite‐Frequency Tomography Based on ChinArray: New Insights Into the Indo‐Asian Collision

A new paradigm for large earthquakes in stable continental plate interiors

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Crustal deformation on the Chinese mainland during 1998–2014 based on GPS data

Cited by 155 publications

References 26 publications

Dominant Controls of Downdip Afterslip and Viscous Relaxation on the Postseismic Displacements Following the Mw7.9 Gorkha, Nepal, Earthquake

Dominant Controls of Downdip Afterslip and Viscous Relaxation on the Postseismic Displacements Following the Mw7.9 Gorkha, Nepal, Earthquake

Seismic Structure Beneath the Tibetan Plateau From Iterative Finite‐Frequency Tomography Based on ChinArray: New Insights Into the Indo‐Asian Collision

A new paradigm for large earthquakes in stable continental plate interiors

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Product

Resources

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Dominant Controls of Downdip Afterslip and Viscous Relaxation on the Postseismic Displacements Following the M_w7.9 Gorkha, Nepal, Earthquake

Dominant Controls of Downdip Afterslip and Viscous Relaxation on the Postseismic Displacements Following the M_w7.9 Gorkha, Nepal, Earthquake