Cultivation of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L. Gaertn.), a medicinal weed

Karkanis, Anestis; Bilalis, Dimitrios; Efthimiadou, Αspasia

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2011.03.027

Cited by 134 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In Tunisia, milk thistle is a common wild plant, which grows in many regions, and the people from some regions, particularly in the center areas, eat the seeds of this plant. Milk thistle seeds have been used for more than 2000 years to treat liver diseases (Karkanis et al, 2011). These seeds contain silymarin (Engelberth et al, 2008) and 25% (w/w) oil (Wallace et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the sterol compositions of milk thistle oil (<em>Silybium marianum</em> L.) during seed maturation

Harrabi¹,

Curtis²,

Hayet³

et al. 2016

Grasas y Aceites

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SUMMARY:In this study, the total lipid content and sterol compositions were determined during the development of milk thistle seeds. The oil content increased to a maximum value of 36±1.7% and then declined to reach a value of 30.5±0.9% at full maturity. The sterol content of milk thistle seeds was affected by the ripening degree of the seeds. At the early stages of seed maturation, Δ 7 -stigmastenol was the most abundant sterol followed by β-sitosterol. However, at full maturity, β-sitosterol was the most predominant sterol (46.50±0.8%). As the seed developed, campesterol and stigmasterol amounts increased, while Δ 7 -avenasterol content decreased. It can be concluded that milk thistle seed oil has a characteristic sterol pattern comparable to the ones elucidated for olive oil and corn oil. The extracted oil from milk thistle seeds is rich in phytosterols and could be used in food preparation and human nutrition. KEYWORDS: Maturation; Milk thistle seeds; Oil; Sterols changesRESUMEN: Cambios en la composición de esteroles del aceite de cardo mariano (Silybium marianum L.) durante la maduración de la semilla. En este estudio se determinaron la composición de lípidos totales y esteroles durante el desarrollo de semillas de cardo mariano. El contenido de aceite incrementó a un valor máximo de 36±1,7% y posteriormente disminuyó hasta alcanzar un valor de 30,5±0,9% cuando la maduración fue completa. El contenido de esteroles de las semillas de cardo mariano se ve afectado por el grado de maduración de las semillas. En las primeras etapas de la maduración de las semillas el Δ7-estigmastenol fué el esterol más abundante, seguido de β-sitosterol. Sin embargo en plena madurez, β-sitosterol fue el esterol predominante (46,50±0,8%). A medida que las semillas se desarrollan las cantidades de campesterol y estigmasterol aumentan, mientras que el contenido Δ7-avenasterol disminuye. Se puede concluir que el aceite de semillas de cardo mariano tiene un patrón característico de esteroles en comparación con lo especificado para los aceites de oliva y de maíz. El aceite extraído de las semillas del cardo mariano es rica en fitoesteroles y podría ser utilizado en la preparación de alimentos y en nutrición humana.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the sterol compositions of milk thistle oil (<em>Silybium marianum</em> L.) during seed maturation

Harrabi¹,

Curtis²,

Hayet³

et al. 2016

Grasas y Aceites

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“…Regarding growth rate and earliness, there were significant differences between the several species. In particular, S. marianum had the highest growth rate and the earliest flowering (Karkanis et al, 2011). On the contrary, growth rate of one O. acanthium was very low, while C. arvense had intermediate values (with a biotype with a very high growth rate as shown in Fig.1) and a better response to drought stress among all the three thistles.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…On the contrary, growth rate of one O. acanthium was very low, while C. arvense had intermediate values (with a biotype with a very high growth rate as shown in Fig.1) and a better response to drought stress among all the three thistles. It has to be noted that biotypes originated from arable fields had higher biomass production, probably because of their higher competitiveness (Karkanis et al, 2011).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thistles of Greece and their potential value as Medicinal Crops: Study on their First Growth

et al. 2016

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Canadian thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.), Milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.) and Scotch thistle (Onopordum acanthium L.) are weed species, which can be also useful medicinal plants. A preliminary seed germination test was conducted, while a greenhouse experiment was also established during 2015 at the Agricultural University of Athens, where seed germination, seedling emergence, first growth rate and biomass production of three biotypes of S. marianum, two biotypes of C. arvense and three biotypes of O. acanthium were evaluated. According to the results of this study, seed germination and seedling emergence were high for all species and biotypes. First growth rate and earliness were significant different between the several species. High biomass production was found in the biotypes originated from arable fields. In conclusion, this research work proved that there is a potential of exploitation of thistles according to their many uses. Seed germination, seedling emergence, first growth, biomass production and earliness of some biotypes seem rather satisfactory, while the high genetic variability of these three weeds can be used as a source for any future breeding attempts.

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“…According Kubinek (1987) the greatest influence on the yield of seeds during the critical period (second-third decade of May) has rainfall. It is grown successfully on a wide range of soil types, from sandy soils to heavier clay soils (Karkanis et al, 2011). Many authors classified milk thistle as the most important medicinal plants (Wierzbowska et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%