Curing of epoxy resins with dicyandiamide and urones

Güthner, Thomas; Hammer, Benedikt

doi:10.1002/app.1993.070500817

Cited by 84 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Diuron, which dissociates upon heating into an isocyanate and dimethylamine, could have induced the carboxyl/epoxy reaction slightly before epoxy cure or cocontinuously. 13 This may have been responsible for the repeatable asymmetric viscosity curve observed after minimum viscosity of the resin when no chromium napthenate was used. Previously, the epoxy/carboxyl esterification reaction, without the use of a catalyst (and no curing agent present), has been shown not to occur until approximately 150°C when using a 5°C min heating rate.…”

Section: Adhesive Development and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects ofin situ esterification on the performance of carboxyl functionalized rubber-modified epoxy film adhesives

Hayes

Seferis

2000

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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Epoxy-based film adhesive formulations were developed with 10 wt % solid carboxyl functional rubber. Due to the high rubber content and resulting viscosity restrictions, the rubber could not be prereacted with the epoxy before hot-melt filming. Therefore, an esterification catalyst was used to perform this reaction in situ before the epoxy curing reactions. The performance of this adhesive system is compared to that of one without the esterification catalyst. A significant difference in the flow characteristics was observed with incorporation of the esterification catalyst, but only small variations in mechanical performance were found.

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Section: Adhesive Development and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects ofin situ esterification on the performance of carboxyl functionalized rubber-modified epoxy film adhesives

Hayes

Seferis

2000

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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“…7). The oxirane rings react with the amine groups [8,11,[26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. At some temperature, their consumption exceeds the supply of Dicy molecules from the dissolving particles.…”

Section: Curing Of Ep Accel and Ep N-filledmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, they often contain an accelerator like tertiary amines, phenol derivatives, urea derivatives or imidazoles for a lower curing temperature and time [7][8][9][10][11]. Unfortunately, all accelerators reduce the shelf life of the formulation at room temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional nano fillers in epoxy-dicyandiamide adhesives for prolonged shelf life and efficient cure

et al. 2011

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Shelf life at room temperature and curing behaviour at elevated temperature are studied for hot-curing accelerated epoxies (EP, diglycidylether of bisphenol A plus dicyandiamide (Dicy)) by FTIR-spectroscopy and modulated DSC. The accelerator is added either directly or with nano-zeolite filler to the EP. Due to the immobilisation of the accelerator in the pores of the nano-zeolite, the shelf life of this EP is 5 times longer than for the EP containing free accelerator. While the free accelerator acts during the whole heating step to curing temperature, the nano-zeolite does not release the accelerator before ca. 100 °C. As monitored by light microscopy, the released accelerator not only supports the curing but also stimulates the dissolution of the solid Dicy. As the result, network formation at 170 °C finishes within less than 25 minutes for the nano-filled EP.

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“…Imidazole compounds like 2-methylimidazole [693- can decrease the curing temperature to 100-160 C depending on the accelerator amount and resin type, but signifcantly decrease the storage life of the resin mixture. C) combined with a long storage lifetime of the formulated material [155], [156], [157]. Amine adducts with, e.g., polyphenols are also used as latent accelerators [158].…”

Section: Vol 10 Cyanamidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyanamides

Güthner¹,

Mertschenk²

2006

Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry

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The article contains sections titled: 1. Calcium Cyanamide 1.1. Physical Properties 1.2. Chemical Properties 1.3. Production 1.3.1. Overall Process 1.3.2. Manufacture 1.3.3. Processing of Technical Calcium Cyanamide 1.4. Quality Specifications 1.5. Storage and Transportation 1.6. Uses 1.7. Legal Aspects 2. Cyanamide 2.1. Physical Properties 2.2. Chemical Properties 2.3. Production 2.4. Analysis 2.5. Storage and Transportation 2.6. Uses 2.7. Legal Aspects 3. Dicyandiamide 3.1. Physical Properties 3.2. Chemical Properties 3.3. Production 3.4. Quality Specifications and Analysis 3.5. Storage and Transportation 3.6. Uses 3.7. Legal Aspects 4. Substituted Cyanamides 5. Toxicology and Occupational Health Calcium cyanamide is produced from calcium carbide and nitrogen gas by an exothermic solid nitrogenation at 1000°C. It is used as a slow release nitrogen fertilizer with beneficial side effects against soilborne deseases. In chemical industry, it is the base for cyanamide and thiourea chemistry. Cyanamide is a fairly stable, toxic substance obtained from calcium cyanamide by reaction with water and carbon dioxide. It has vast applications in industrial nitrogen organic chemistry, and is also directly used as a plant protection agent. Dicyandiamide is derived from cyanamide by dimerization in presence of alkali. The nontoxic compound has found widespread industrial applications in resins, plastics, water treatment, and pharmaceuticals.

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Curing of epoxy resins with dicyandiamide and urones

Cited by 84 publications

References 7 publications

Effects ofin situ esterification on the performance of carboxyl functionalized rubber-modified epoxy film adhesives

Effects ofin situ esterification on the performance of carboxyl functionalized rubber-modified epoxy film adhesives

Functional nano fillers in epoxy-dicyandiamide adhesives for prolonged shelf life and efficient cure

Cyanamides

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