Current progresses of 3D bioprinting based tissue engineering

Abstract

Background: The shortage of available organs for transplantation is the major obstacle hindering the application of regenerative medicine, and has also become the desperate problem faced by more and more patients nowadays. The recent development and application of 3D printing technique in biological research (bioprinting) has revolutionized the tissue engineering methods, and become a promising solution for tissue regeneration. Results: In this review, we summarize the current application of bioprinting in producing tissues and organoids, and discuss the future directions and challenges of 3D bioprinting. Conclusions: Currently, 3D bioprinting is capable to generate patient-specialized bone, cartilage, blood vascular network, hepatic unit and other simple components/tissues, yet pure cell-based functional organs are still desired.

Design Approaches for Generating Organ Constructs

“…Abbreviations: PSC, pluripotent stem cells; ASC, adult stem cells; CRISPR, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats; AAV, adeno-associated virus. Partially adapted from Zhang and Wang (2017), Osipovich andGearing (2017). aggregated mouse embryonic kidney or gonad cells, as well as adult kidney tubuloids that were recently described (Schutgens et al, 2019), because these organoids/organotypic culture do not possess unlimited capability for in vitro culture.…”

A multi-axis robot-based bioprinting system supporting natural cell function preservation and cardiac tissue fabrication

“…Vascularization and sustained cell survival have been the long-lasting challenges for in vitro organ fabrication [ 1 , 2 , 6 , 8 , 9 ]. In this study, we developed a novel bioprinting system with a 6-DOF robot-based bioprinter and a self-designed bioreactor to conquer these problems.…”

“…Furthermore, the addition of artificial biomaterials, which function as the “glue” to stick cells together, will inhibit the formation of functional cell-cell contact and angiogenesis among the already printed cells [ 8 ]. These limitations have become the major impediments for producing human-scale live organs via bioprinting, especially for printed cells/organs to achieve long-term survival and genuine functions [ [6] , [7] , [8] , [9] ].…”

Advances in three‐dimensional bioprinting of bone: Progress and challenges

“…One of the biggest challenges in bioprinting is to exactly re‐create the hierarchical complexity of the tissues and organs with appropriate mechanical and biochemical stimulus for guided cellular differentiation, as explored in the reviews by Murphy and Atala () and others (Bose et al, ; Datta et al, ; Jariwala et al, ; Zhang & Wang, ). In order to attain this goal, researchers are adapting several different approaches for synthetically rebuilding the anatomical and functional aspects of tissues and organs in vitro .…”