Cutaneous malignant melanoma in children and adolescents in Sweden, 1993–2002: The increasing trend is broken

Karlsson, P. S.; Fredrikson, Mats

doi:10.1002/ijc.22692

Cited by 44 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In Sweden, parallel trends occurred in the decade prior; from 1993-2002 substantial decreases occurred in melanoma incidence on the trunk in males and lower extremities in females. 26 Stratifying IRs by these variables hones in on patterns unique to each age group. For older children (age 10-19 years), there was a higher incidence of melanomas with good prognostic indicators (thin melanoma, no ulceration, no lymph node involvement, or no distant metastasis) compared with poor prognostic indicators.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melanoma Incidence in Children and Adolescents: Decreasing Trends in the United States

Campbell

Kreicher

Gittleman

et al. 2015

The Journal of Pediatrics

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melanoma Incidence in Children and Adolescents: Decreasing Trends in the United States

Campbell

Kreicher

Gittleman

et al. 2015

The Journal of Pediatrics

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“…29,30 Decreasing melanoma incidence from 1993 through 2002 has also been reported in Swedish individuals ,20 years old, which has also been suggested to result from education campaigns aimed at reducing sun exposure starting in the mid1980s. 31 A study in England reported an increased melanoma incidence trend for female 15-to 24-year-olds from 1968 through 2005. 29,32 The increasing melanoma incidence, especially in 15-to 19-year-olds, is consistent with our analyses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of Childhood and Adolescent Melanoma in the United States: 1973–2009

Harris²,

et al. 2013

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: The incidence of childhood and adolescent melanoma has been significantly increasing up to 2004. Risk factors (fair skin, light-colored hair/eyes, female gender, presence of nevi, family history, increased number of sunburns, and exposure to UV radiation) are associated with melanoma.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS: This study describes incidence trends of melanoma diagnosed between the ages of 0 and 19 years and from 1973 through 2009 by gender, stage and age at diagnosis, primary site, and exposure to UV radiation. abstract OBJECTIVE: Childhood and adolescent melanoma is rare but has been increasing. To gain insight into possible reasons underlying this observation, we analyzed trends in melanoma incidence diagnosed between the ages of 0 and 19 years among US whites by gender, stage, age at diagnosis, and primary site. We also investigated incidence trends by UV-B exposure levels.METHODS: By using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program data (1973-2009), we calculated age-adjusted incidence rates (IRs), annual percent changes, and 95% confidence intervals for each category of interest. Incidence trends were also evaluated by using joinpoint and local regression models. SEER registries were categorized with respect to low or high UV-B radiation exposure. RESULTS:From 1973 through 2009, 1230 children of white race were diagnosed with malignant melanoma. Overall, pediatric melanoma increased by an average of 2% per year (95% confidence interval, 1.4%-2.7%). Girls, 15-to 19-year-olds, and individuals with low UV-B exposure had significantly higher IRs than boys, younger children, and those living in SEER registries categorized as high UV-B. Over the study period, boys experienced increased IRs for melanoma on the face and trunk, and females on the lower limbs and hip. The only decreased incidence trend we observed was among 15-to 19-yearolds in the high UV-B exposure group from 1985 through 2009. Local regression curves indicated similar patterns.CONCLUSIONS: These results may help elucidate possible risk factors for adolescent melanoma, but additional individual-level studies will be necessary to determine the reasons for increasing incidence trends.

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“…33 An increase in incidence was noted in Sweden during 1973-1992, 34 but incidence then decreased. 35 Ferrari et al 36 reviewed a 25-year experience with 33 Italian children with melanoma who were 14 years or younger at presentation. The children's lesions were not typical of melanoma lesions in adults.…”

Section: Melanomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultraviolet Radiation: A Hazard to Children and Adolescents

Balk¹

2011

Pediatrics

252

141

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Sunlight sustains life on earth. Sunlight is essential for vitamin D synthesis in the skin. The sun's ultraviolet rays can be hazardous, however, because excessive exposure causes skin cancer and other adverse health effects. Skin cancer is a major public health problem; more than 2 million new cases are diagnosed in the United States each year. Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) causes the 3 major forms of skin cancer: basal cell carcinoma; squamous cell carcinoma; and cutaneous malignant melanoma. Exposure to UVR from sunlight and artificial sources early in life elevates the risk of developing skin cancer. Approximately 25% of sun exposure occurs before 18 years of age. The risk of skin cancer is increased when people overexpose themselves to sun and intentionally expose themselves to artificial sources of UVR. Public awareness of the risk is not optimal, compliance with sun protection is inconsistent, and skin-cancer rates continue to rise in all age groups including the younger population. People continue to sunburn, and teenagers and adults are frequent visitors to tanning parlors. Sun exposure and vitamin D status are intertwined. Adequate vitamin D is needed for bone health in children and adults. In addition, there is accumulating information suggesting a beneficial influence of vitamin D on various health conditions. Cutaneous vitamin D production requires sunlight, and many factors complicate the efficiency of vitamin D production that results from sunlight exposure. Ensuring vitamin D adequacy while promoting sun-protection strategies, therefore, requires renewed attention to evaluating the adequacy of dietary and supplemental vitamin D. Daily intake of 400 IU of vitamin D will prevent vitamin D deficiency rickets in infants. The vitamin D supplementation amounts necessary to support optimal health in older children and adolescents are less clear. This report updates information on the relationship of sun exposure to skin cancer and other adverse health effects, the relationship of exposure to artificial sources of UVR and skin cancer, sun-protection methods, vitamin D, community skincancer-prevention efforts, and the pediatrician's role in preventing skin cancer. In addition to pediatricians' efforts, a sustained public health effort is needed to change attitudes and behaviors regarding UVR exposure. Pediatrics 2011;127:e791-e817 BACKGROUND Sunlight sustains life on earth. The sun provides warmth, is needed for photosynthesis, drives biorhythms, and promotes feelings of well-being, and sunlight is essential for vitamin D synthesis in skin.Sophie J. Balk, MD, and the COUNCIL ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH and SECTION ON DERMATOLOGY

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Cutaneous malignant melanoma in children and adolescents in Sweden, 1993–2002: The increasing trend is broken

Cited by 44 publications

References 36 publications

Melanoma Incidence in Children and Adolescents: Decreasing Trends in the United States

Melanoma Incidence in Children and Adolescents: Decreasing Trends in the United States

Incidence of Childhood and Adolescent Melanoma in the United States: 1973–2009

Ultraviolet Radiation: A Hazard to Children and Adolescents

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