Cyclosporin-induced gingival overgrowth: Correlation with dental plaque scores, gingivitis scores, and cyclosporin levels in serum and saliva

McGaw, Tim; Lam, Stephen; Coates, James E.

doi:10.1016/0030-4220(87)90007-7

Cited by 168 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Periodontal variables, inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, genetic factors and pharmacokinetic variables might have possible roles in this model. 4,7,8,29,30 However, according to the present results there was no significant relationship between pharmacologic variables (plasma and GCF drug concentrations) and the degree of nifedipine-induced gingival overgrowth.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 43%

“…3,4 Many studies have investigated the relationship between the extent and severity of gingival overgrowth and drug variables, such as dose, duration, serum and salivary concentrations. 7,8 Gingival crevice fluid (GCF) is a complex mixture of substances derived from serum, leukocytes, structural cells of the periodontium and oral bacteria. 9 It has been shown that several drugs like nifedipine, amlodipine, phenytoin, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin can be detected in GCF.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical and pharmacological variables as a risk factor for nifedipine‐induced gingival overgrowth

Güncü¹,

Çağlayan²,

Dinçel³

et al. 2007

Australian Dental Journal

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Background: Gingival enlargement is usually noted within one to two months after the initiation of nifedipine therapy. The aetiology of nifedipineinduced gingival overgrowth is uncertain. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between plasma and gingival crevice fluid (GCF) nifedipine concentrations and the degree of gingival overgrowth in patients treated with nifedipine, and also to assess the correlations between clinical and pharmacological variables. Methods: Eighteen patients taking nifedipine in regular doses for at least six months participated in the study. Gingival enlargement was evaluated with two indices to score vertical and horizontal overgrowth. Gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), gingival bleeding time index (GBTI), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were also evaluated.GCF and plasma nifedipine concentrations were determined by using high performance liquid chromatography. Results: There was no significant difference between responders and non-responders for PI, GI and GBTI. The mean concentration of nifedipine in GCF was significantly greater than concentration in plasma. No significant difference was observed for GCF and plasma nifedipine concentration between responders and non-responders. Conclusions: The present study showed that neither GCF nor plasma nifedipine levels appeared to be a risk factor for nifedipine-induced gingival overgrowth. Improving the oral hygiene in patients using nifedipine may help control the degree of druginduced gingival enlargement.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 43%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and pharmacological variables as a risk factor for nifedipine‐induced gingival overgrowth

Güncü¹,

Çağlayan²,

Dinçel³

et al. 2007

Australian Dental Journal

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“…Patients who receive anti-epileptic therapy through the systemic use of phenytoin (diphenylhydantoin or Dilantin ® ), or immunosuppressive therapy with systemic cyclosporin A (Sandimmun ® ), or anti-hypertensive treatment with systemic nifedipine develop gingival overgrowth with various degrees of prevalence. While the incidence of this side-effect can be as high as 65% in epileptics, 70% in transplant patients, and 30% in hypertension subjects, variation exists in the reported prevalence and severity of the clinical problem (Hassell, 1981;Lucas et al, 1985;McGaw et al, 1987;Barclay et al, 1992;Hancock and Swan, 1992;Thomason et al, 1995Thomason et al, , 1996. Clinical and histological characteristics of drug-induced gingival overgrowth include hyperplasia in junctional epithelium and hypertrophy in keratinized epithelium (Ayanoglou and Lesty, 1999) and excessive connective tissue accumulation.…”

Section: Clinical Importance Of Drug-induced Gingival Overgrowthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Connective Tissue Metabolism and Gingival Overgrowth

Trackman

Kantarcı

2004

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

136

152

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Gingival overgrowth occurs mainly as a result of certain anti-seizure, immunosuppressive, or antihypertensive drug therapies. Excess gingival tissues impede oral function and are disfiguring. Effective oral hygiene is compromised in the presence of gingival overgrowth, and it is now recognized that this may have negative implications for the systemic health of affected patients. Recent studies indicate that cytokine balances are abnormal in drug-induced forms of gingival overgrowth. Data supporting molecular and cellular characteristics that distinguish different forms of gingival overgrowth are summarized, and aspects of gingival fibroblast extracellular matrix metabolism that are unique to gingival tissues and cells are reviewed. Abnormal cytokine balances derived principally from lymphocytes and macrophages, and unique aspects of gingival extracellular matrix metabolism, are elements of a working model presented to facilitate our gaining a better understanding of mechanisms and of the tissue specificity of gingival overgrowth.

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“…Gingival overgrowth was diagnosed visually using the semiquantitative index developed by Aas [14] and modified by McGaw et al [15]. The interdental papillae and gingiva were scored in 4 points around each tooth.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Health Status of Kuwaiti Children with a History of Chronic Liver Disease

2019

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Objective: To investigate the oral health status and dental manifestations of children with a history of chronic liver disease (CLD) compared to healthy children.Subjects and Methods: Twenty children (15 boys and 5 girls) with a history of CLD were compared to 20 healthy controls matched for age and gender. The clinical examination was carried out by the same dentist. Caries prevalence, using the decayed, missing, and filled primary and permanent teeth indices (dmft/DMFT), was recorded. Developmental enamel defects, plaque scores, and gingival overgrowth were also investigated. Results: No statistically significant differences were found in mean dmft scores for children with a history of CLD (4.9 ± 5.4) and for healthy individuals (3.9 ± 4.5). However, the mean DMFT score was significantly higher (p =0.025) in children with CLD (4.2 ± 4.6) compared to controls (1.7 ± 1.6). The mean decayed teeth parameter (DT) was also significantly higher in children with CLD (p =0.004). All patients with CLD exhibited enamel defects compared to only 33% in the control group (p< 0.05). A higher mean plaque index was observed in children with a history of CLD (p< 0.001). Also, a positive correlation for gingival overgrowth was noted in patients with a history of CLD (p< 0.05). Green staining was evident only in the permanent dentition of 1 child with CLD. Conclusion: Children with a history of CLD exhibited a high caries prevalence, high plaque scores, and more enamel defects compared to healthy subjects. Gingival overgrowth is less prevalent among pediatric liver transplant patients on tacrolimus therapy.

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Cyclosporin-induced gingival overgrowth: Correlation with dental plaque scores, gingivitis scores, and cyclosporin levels in serum and saliva

Cited by 168 publications

References 9 publications

Clinical and pharmacological variables as a risk factor for nifedipine‐induced gingival overgrowth

Clinical and pharmacological variables as a risk factor for nifedipine‐induced gingival overgrowth

Connective Tissue Metabolism and Gingival Overgrowth

Oral Health Status of Kuwaiti Children with a History of Chronic Liver Disease

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