Cytokine mRNA expression in an in vitro human skin model, SKIN2™

Burleson, Florence G.; Limardi, L.C.; Sikorski, Elizabeth E.; Rheins, Lawrence A.; Donnelly, Tracy A.; Gerberick, G. Frank

doi:10.1016/s0887-2333(96)00044-6

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…This study presents evidence that chemotaxis and the Th1-type of cytokine response are induced in the earliest stage of contact with the pathogen and without the influence of other immunocompetent cells. Recently, skin equivalents were also used to investigate the cytokine profiles triggered by allergic and sensitising agents [17][18][19][20][21]. A critical review of the results of studies dealing with this topic showed that a clear discrimination between an allergic or a toxic immune response by analysis of the cytokine mRNA expression is difficult.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokine expression induced by Candida albicans in a model of cutaneous candidosis based on reconstituted human epidermis

Schaller¹,

Mailhammer²,

Körting³

2002

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Skin equivalents based on reconstituted human epidermis have been used recently to establish models for allergic/irritant contact dermatitis and cutaneous candidosis. In the present study the cytokine expression pattern and the morphological alterations in experimental cutaneous candidosis were investigated by RT-PCR and histological analysis. In experimental cutaneous C. albicans infection the mRNA expression levels of interleukin (IL)-1AE, IL-1â, IL-8, GM-CSF, Exodus-2, tumour necrosis factor-AE and PSL (P-selectin ligand) were upregulated. Cytokine profile and histological features of infected skin (separation of keratinocytes, oedema, vacuolisation) were comparable to that seen in experimental contact dermatitis. These immunomodulatory and morphological similarities might reflect a common pathogenesis factor in both diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokine expression induced by Candida albicans in a model of cutaneous candidosis based on reconstituted human epidermis

Schaller¹,

Mailhammer²,

Körting³

2002

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…By using semi-quantitative rt-PCR, both IL-12p35 and IL-12p40 were found to be constitutively expressed in EPISKIN samples. It is interesting to note that, in Skin 2TM , another three-dimensional human skin model consisting of multilayered dermal fibroblasts and well-differentiated epidermal keratinocytes, IL-12p35 mRNA was constitutively expressed, but IL-12p40 was not (16). This discrepancy could be due to the presence of fibroblasts in Skin 2 , which could affect the cytokine expression by keratinocytes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Induction of Interleukin-12 in Reconstructed Human Epidermis by Chemical Allergens

Corsini¹,

Limiroli²,

Marinovich³

et al. 1999

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Keratinocytes play an important role in skin inflammatory and immunological reactions through the release of cytokines and response to them. These cells have been shown to direct T-cell priming by producing cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-12. The purpose of this work was to explore the potential use of IL-12 production to discriminate between skin irritants and contact allergens in vitro. Initially, a reconstituted human epidermis was treated with a known human skin irritant, sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS), and a known human contact allergen, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB). The expression of IL-12p40 was assessed at specific time intervals by the semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-PCR). The data obtained indicated that only DNCB induced an up-regulation of IL-12p40. This up-regulation occurred after exposure to DNCB for 3 hours. Importantly, the application of SLS or vehicles did not induce IL-12 mRNA up-regulation. An increase in total IL-12 protein content was detected in supernatants of allergen-stimulated, but not vehicle-stimulated, reconstituted epidermis. To confirm these results, the effects of benzalkonium chloride, oxazolone and eugenol were assessed. At concentrations that resulted in equivalent IL-1α release, only contact allergens increased IL-12 expression, which confirmed the previous results. These data suggest that IL-12, which is crucial for T-helper type 1 cell responses, could be a useful marker for discriminating between contact allergens and irritants.

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Differential TNFα mRNA regulation detected in the epidermis of leprosy patients

et al. 2002

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The epidermis is an important site of the immunoinflammatory response in the skin. In the present study, the expression of cytokine and ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1) genes was evaluated by RT-PCR in the epidermis isolated from biopsies from 25 reactional leprosy patients. TNFalpha and IL-6 mRNAs were detected in all individuals during the reactional state (reversal reaction or erythema nodosum leprosum), IL-8 message was detected in 66.6% and 62.5% of the patients, IL-12 mRNA was present in 91.6% and 62.5% and ICAM-1 in 100% and 71.4%, respectively. In addition, when skin biopsies were obtained from the same patients before and during the reactional episode, an enhancement in cytokine mRNA, but not in ICAM-1 mRNA, was observed. Seven patients were also evaluated at the onset of reaction and during antiinflammatory treatment. In contrast to a preferential decrease in the TNFalpha gene detected in the dermis, during the treatment phase, persistent/enhanced TNFalpha mRNA expression was detected in the epidermis in six out of the seven patients assessed. This peculiar pattern of expression might reflect a differential impact that in vivo antiinflammatory therapy has on the epidermis. The present findings indicate that the epidermis plays an important role in the local inflammatory response in leprosy and that the profile of response detected in the epidermis during the reactions may be regulated differently from that in the dermis.

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Cytokine mRNA expression in an in vitro human skin model, SKIN2™

Cited by 8 publications

References 28 publications

Cytokine expression induced by Candida albicans in a model of cutaneous candidosis based on reconstituted human epidermis

Cytokine expression induced by Candida albicans in a model of cutaneous candidosis based on reconstituted human epidermis

Selective Induction of Interleukin-12 in Reconstructed Human Epidermis by Chemical Allergens

Differential TNFα mRNA regulation detected in the epidermis of leprosy patients

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