Eugenia klotzschiana O.Berg is an endemic plant from the Brazilian Cerrado biome with substantial chemical and genomic diversity. This systematic review aimed to identify the therapeutic applications of the plant in the SciELO, Bireme, LILACS, PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Science Direct bibliographic databases, using the START Program for identifying and selecting studies. Forty-six articles were obtained, of which 42 were excluded, and four were included in the review. The described therapeutic applications were antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiparasitic, and cytotoxic activities of fruits, flowers, and leaves. The small number of published articles indicates the need for developing studies on the therapeutic potential of E. klotzschiana O. Berg.