Defect Engineering in Prussian Blue Analogs for High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Abstract

Prussian blue (PB) and its analogs (PBAs) are considered one of the most promising materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). The typical PB with perfect structure and highly integrated lattice has excellent structural stability, but the possible structural defects inevitably generated in the synthesis process will deteriorate its structure during cycling, resulting in rapid capacity degradation, and impede their practical application. However, not all defects are detrimental, as proper defect construction can customize the local nature of PB to achieve outstanding new functions. This paper reviews various defect engineering designs for PBAs, such as the creation/suppression of cation or anion vacancies, the introduction of cation doping, the reduction of dislocation defects, and the construction of pore‐defect engineering. As a result, the structure–activity relationship between defects and electrochemical performance of SIBs is summarized. Moreover, the existing challenges and future development prospects are discussed, and the potential application of defect engineering in PBAs for SIBs is emphasized.

Review on Cathode Materials for Sodium‐ and Potassium‐Ion Batteries: Structural Design with Electrochemical Properties

“…In layered oxides in the NIB system, not only the P2 structure but also the O3 structure is preferred, which is determined by the initial number of Na + in the synthesis process. [112] Recently, various studies on layered oxide cathode materials have been conducted, with numerous studies on ternary and quaternary metal-based cathode materials to improve the electrochemical performance. Moreover, there are many attempts to apply the reversible anionic redox reactions of O 2À /O 1À to NIB, proposed in LIB systems to overcome capacity limits in conventional cationic reaction cathode.…”

Vanadium fluorophosphates: advanced cathode materials for next-generation secondary batteries

“…To date, numerous cathode materials for SIBs/PIBs have been studied, ranging from layered-transition-metal oxides, [38][39][40][41][42] polyanionic compounds, [43][44][45] and Prussian blue and its analogues [46][47][48][49] to organic polymers. [50][51][52] Nevertheless, their intrinsic deficiencies hinder their full application potential.…”

Magnetoelectric synergy strategy for superior iron disulfide anode

“…Meanwhile, the directional movement of electrons induces local charge redistribution, which enhances the adsorption capability of Na + and improves the interface compatibility. [27][28][29][30][31] Additionally, coupling with different TMSs with a higher valence can considerably decrease the van der Waals forces, along with the electrostatic interlayer interactions of FeS 2 , [32][33][34][35][36] and thus elongate the Fe-S bond length, thus allowing a lower Fe valence to be obtained. This is preferable for the insertion of Na + and for expediting the reversible conversion reaction owing to the reduced activation barrier.…”