Defect‐Rich Adhesive Nanozymes as Efficient Antibiotics for Enhanced Bacterial Inhibition

Abstract

Nanozymes have emerged as a new generation of antibiotics with exciting broad‐spectrum antimicrobial properties and negligible biotoxicities. However, their antibacterial efficacies are unsatisfactory due to their inability to trap bacteria and their low catalytic activity. Herein, we report nanozymes with rough surfaces and defect‐rich active edges. The rough surface increases bacterial adhesion and the defect‐rich edges exhibit higher intrinsic peroxidase‐like activity compared to pristine nanozymes due to their lower adsorption energies of H2O2 and desorption energy of OH*, as well as the larger exothermic process for the whole reaction. This was demonstrated using drug‐resistant Gram‐negative Escherichia coli and Gram‐positive Staphylococcus aureus in vitro and in vivo. This strategy can be used to engineer nanozymes with enhanced antibacterial function and will pave a new way for the development of alternative antibiotics.

Colloidal Surface Engineering: Growth of Layered Double Hydroxides with Intrinsic Oxidase‐Mimicking Activities to Fight Against Bacterial Infection in Wound Healing

“…At day 8, the skin samples were collected from 3 mice in each group, and Spread plate culture assay was performed according to previous reports, which indicated (Figure 6b,c). [56] Moreover, ratio of wound was measured along with the period of recovery, which indicated that hollow Mn/Ni(OH) x LDHs as well as SiO 2 nanorods@Mn/Ni(OH) x LDHs, but not PBS or SiO 2 nanoparticles, fights against impaired healing process mediated by infection (Figure 6d). The result of this mice model indicated that, on the one hand, hollow Mn/Ni(OH) x LDHs alone exhibited faster wound healing compared with PBS group, suggesting that hollow Mn/Ni(OH) x LDHs structure might protect against infection in this model.…”

Cu2MoS4 Nanozyme with NIR‐II Light Enhanced Catalytic Activity for Efficient Eradication of Multidrug‐Resistant Bacteria

“…[2,14,15] Currently, many nanozymes with enzyme-like and antibacterial properties, including metal, carbon, and metal oxide/chalcogenide nanomaterials, have been demonstrated for killing various bacteria and even drugresistant bacteria. [4,16,17] Unfortunately, the low catalytic ability of nanozymes largely limits their antibacterial efficiency. Therefore, antibacterial nanozymes with enhanced catalytic activity is still greatly needed.…”

“…[17,21,28] However, these nanozymes mainly used NIR-I (700-900 nm) light with low maximum permissible exposure (MPE: 0.33 W cm −2 at 808 nm) and limited penetration depth, which will significantly hamper their use for in vivo applications. [17,21,22,[29][30][31][32] In comparison, NIR-II (1000-1700 nm) light has several advantages, including higher tissue penetration and higher skin-tolerance threshold (MPE: 1 W cm −2 at 1064 nm). [33,34] Therefore, antibacterial nanozymes with both catalytic activity and NIR-II photothermal property are highly desirable.…”

Recent Progress of Nanozymes in the Detection of Pathogenic Microorganisms

“…[13][14][15][16] Consequently, nanozymes have great potential in many fields such as environmental engineering, biological analysis, and disease diagnosis and treatment. [15][16][17][18][19] Nanozymes are a class of nanomaterials with enzyme-like properties. [4] Some nanozymes may have multi-enzyme-mimicking properties.…”