Delayed exposure to infections and childhood lymphomas: a case–control study

Michos, Athanasios; Dessypris, Nick; Pourtsidis, Apostolos; Moschovi, Maria; Polychronopoulou, Sofia; Athanasiadou-Piperopoulou, Fani; Kalmanti, Maria; Syriopoulou, Vassiliki; Mavrouli, Maria; Petridou, Eleni

doi:10.1007/s10552-009-9294-2

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…31 In contrast, Rudant et al examined parental report of several immune-mediating factors in a population-based case-control study in France, and found an inverse association for repeated early common infections overall (OR=0.5, 95% CI: 0.3-0.9) and across each of the HL subtypes, although small numbers precluded statistical significance in the latter. 32 Finally, Michos et al did not find evidence for an association for seroprevalence for 9 common infectious pathogens at the time of HL diagnosis in 52 childhood cases and their matched controls, 33 however, their cross-sectional study design did not allow for proper temporality and a latency period between infection and lymphomagenesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Infectious, autoimmune and allergic diseases and risk of Hodgkin lymphoma in children and adolescents: A Children's Oncology Group study

Linabery

Erhardt

Fonstad

et al. 2014

Intl Journal of Cancer

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An infectious origin for pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) has long been suspected and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been implicated in a subset of cases. Increased HL incidence in children with congenital and acquired immunodeficiencies, consistent associations between autoimmune diseases and adult HL, and genome-wide association and other genetic studies together suggest immune dysregulation is involved in lymphomagenesis. Here, healthy control children identified by random digit dialing were matched on sex, race/ethnicity, and age to HL cases diagnosed in 1989-2003 at 0-14 years at Children’s Oncology Group institutions. Parents of 517 cases and 784 controls completed telephone interviews, including items regarding medical histories. Tumor EBV status was determined for 355 cases. Using conditional logistic regression, we calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for risk of HL. Cases were more likely to have had an infection >1 year prior to HL diagnosis (OR=1.69, 95% CI:0.98-2.91); case siblings were also more likely to have had a prior infection (OR=2.04, 95% CI:1.01-4.14). Parental history of autoimmunity associated with increased EBV+ HL risk (OR=2.97, 95% CI:1.34-6.58), while having a parent (OR=1.47, 95% CI:1.01-2.14) or sibling (OR=1.62, 95% CI:1.11-2.36) with an allergy was associated with EBV− HL. These results may indicate true increased risk for infections and increased risk with family history of autoimmune and allergic conditions that varies by tumor EBV status, or they may be attributable to inaccurate recall. In addition to employing biomarkers to confirm the role of immune-modulating conditions in pediatric HL, future studies should focus on family-based designs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Infectious, autoimmune and allergic diseases and risk of Hodgkin lymphoma in children and adolescents: A Children's Oncology Group study

Linabery

Erhardt

Fonstad

et al. 2014

Intl Journal of Cancer

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“…The associations were more marked when breastfeeding lasted 6 months or more [OR = 0.7 (0.6–0.7) for HL and OR = 0.7 (0.3–1.4) for NHL]. In a study published since then, slightly less of the cases of HL and NHL than the controls were breastfed for 6 months or more 44…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood hodgkin's lymphoma, non‐hodgkin's lymphoma and factors related to the immune system: The escale study (SFCE)

Rudant

Orsi

Monnereau

et al. 2011

Intl Journal of Cancer

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The study investigated the role of factors considered related to the early stimulation of the immune system in the aetiology of childhood lymphoma. The national registry‐based case–control study, Escale, was carried out in France over the period 2003–2004. Population controls were frequency matched with the cases on age and gender. Data were obtained from structured telephone questionnaires administered to mothers. Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated using unconditional regression models adjusted for potential confounders. Data from 128 cases of Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) aged 5–14 years, 164 cases of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) aged 2–14 years and 1,312 controls were analyzed. Negative associations were observed between HL and day care attendance [OR = 0.5 (0.2–1.2)] and between HL and repeated early common infections among non‐breastfed children [OR = 0.3 (.2–0.7), p = 0.003] [OR for breastfed children: 1.0 (.5–2.1)], but not for the other factors investigated. Negative associations were observed between NHL and birth order 3 or more [OR = 0.7 (0.4–1.1)], prolonged breastfeeding [OR = 0.5 (0.3–1.0)], regular contact with farm animals [OR = 0.5 (0.3–1.0)], frequent farm visits in early life [OR = 0.6 (0.4–1.1)] and history of asthma [OR = 0.6 (0.3–1.1)]. In conclusion, the results partly support the hypothesis that an abnormal maturation of the immune system may play a role in childhood HL or NHL, and call for further investigations.

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“…Age-related shifts in this balance between these two types of immune response are known [33,34], and polymorphisms of genes related to Th1/Th2 cytokines appear to be relevant in lymphoma etiology [35][36][37]. However, it is still unclear whether age-related imbalances in the type of immune response account for the increase in lymphoma risk associated with delayed infection [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Patients with autoimmune disorders and other immune system disturbances are also known to be more susceptible to hematological malignancies [2,3], and infections from viral agents, such as the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), the hepatitis C virus (HCV), and bacteria, such as Helicobacter pylori (HP), have been associated with an excess lymphoma risk [4][5][6][7][8]. Disruption of the immune response, following for instance monucleosis infection, has been proposed as a key factor in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) etiology, with adult infection showing a positive association, while childhood infection appears to convey protection [9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%