Demystifying automotive safety and security for semiconductor developer

Prasanth, V.; Foley, David W.; Ravi, S.

doi:10.1109/test.2017.8242074

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This has led to the regulation of charging stations. In this context, there are several standards defined by organizations for EV charging established worldwide [52][53][54][55]: IEC, SAE, IEEE, GB/T, CHAdeMO, among others. Figure 6 shows the electric stages of an EV: (I) the charging stage, (II) the battery stage (where there is a 7 battery system, which is charged through the stage (I)) and finally, (III) the power train (composed by the power converter 8 and the electric motor 9 which is responsible for transmitting the power to the wheels).…”

Section: Electric Vehicle: Standards Charging Modes and Charging Stationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Voltage Stations for Electric Vehicle Fast-Charging: Trends, Standards, Charging Modes and Comparison of Unity Power-Factor Rectifiers

et al. 2021

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Emission of greenhouse gases and scarcity of fossil fuels have put the focus of the scientific community, industry and society on the electric vehicle (EV). In order to reduce CO 2 emissions, cuttingedge policies and regulations are being imposed worldwide, where the use of EVs is being encouraged. In the best of scenarios reaching 245 million EVs by 2030 is expected. Extensive use of EV-s requires the installation of a wide grid of charging stations and it is very important to stablish the best charging power topology in terms of efficiency and impact in the grid. This paper presents a review of the most relevant issues in EV charging station power topologies. This review includes the impact of the battery technology, currently existing standards and proposals for power converters in the charging stations. In this review process, some disadvantages of current chargers have been identified, such as poor efficiency and power factor. To solve these limitations, five unidirectional three-phase rectifier topologies have been proposed for fast EV charging stations that enhance the current situation of chargers. Simulation results show that all the proposed topologies improve the power factor issue without penalizing efficiency. The topologies with the best overall performance are the Vienna 6-switch and the Vienna T-type rectifier. These two converters achieve high efficiency and power factor, and they allow a better distribution of losses among semiconductors, which significantly increase the life-cycle of the semiconductor devices and the reliability of the converter.

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Section: Electric Vehicle: Standards Charging Modes and Charging Stationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Voltage Stations for Electric Vehicle Fast-Charging: Trends, Standards, Charging Modes and Comparison of Unity Power-Factor Rectifiers

et al. 2021

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“…Thymus vulgaris L., commonly known as Thyme, is an aromatic herb belonging to the Lamiaceae family [6]. It is native to the Mediterranean region and is now widely cultivated throughout the world.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in essential oil composition of <i>Thymus vulgaris</i> under different storage conditions and its antimicrobial activity

Trong

Thinh

2023

Izvestiâ vuzov. Prikladnaâ himiâ i biotehnologiâ

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Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) has been used for centuries in traditional medicine due to its various health benefits, and it is widely used today in aromatherapy, cosmetics, and even as a culinary herb. This study aimed to investigate how the chemical compositions and antimicrobial activity of essential oils extracted from the aerial parts of T. vulgaris were affected by storage at different temperatures. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation of air-dried samples and analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The study observed changes in the essential oil’s composition when stored in a refrigerator (4 °C) and at room temperature (25 °C) for three months. The results revealed that the proportions of compounds with lower boiling temperatures such as β-myrcene (2.29–0.20%) and α-pinene (2.74–0.24%) along with γ-terpinene (7.84–4.81%) and p-cymene (10.93–5.61%) as thymol and carvacrol precursors, were significantly decreased when stored at room temperature. However, the amounts of thymol and carvacrol increased by 51.64 and 21.81%, respectively, after three months storage period, indicating a rise in the oil quality index. Storing the essential oil in a refrigerator resulted in minimal changes to the essential oil composition and maintained its primary quality. In addition, the antimicrobial activity of the essential oils was tested using the broth microdilution method and demonstrated that the essential oils from both storage methods retained their antimicrobial activity compared to freshly extracted ones. In summary, these findings are beneficial for essential oil producers and consumers in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.

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“…As automotive ASICs replace the mechanical devices in vehicles, the proportion of electronic devices in modern vehicles continues to grow. Recently, more ASICs are embedded in automotive systems to meet customer demand for comfort, safety, enhanced fuel efficiency, and even driving support [1], [2]. Thus, both functional integrity and reliable operation are necessary for automotive electronic devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CAN-Based Aging Monitoring Technique for Automotive ASICs With Efficient Soft Error Resilience

et al. 2020

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The modern automobile industry is rapidly shifting toward the era of self-driving cars. Due to rapid technological development, many mechanical parts in automobiles have been switched to electronic devices. Therefore, the proportion of electronic devices in modern cars is increasing. Even though many parts have been replaced by electronic devices, vehicles still require the periodic maintenance not only for mechanical parts, but also for automotive electronics. To guarantee the high reliability of automotive Application-Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), automotive chips are tested during manufacturing for functional and structural defects. Moreover, automobile chips are also tested using several in-field diagnostic techniques (e.g., online Built-In Self-Test (BIST), Software-Based Self-Test (SBST)) while the chips are operating. By using these in-field diagnostic techniques, functional and structural defects in automotive ASICs, which occur in the early-life cycle and normal operation, can be detected. However, automotive semiconductor devices still require testing for aging-induced defects and soft errors to prevent critical functional failures. Moreover, aging-induced defects are hard to detect with conventional in-field diagnostic techniques which is based on BIST techniques. Thus, this work presents a secure Controller Area Network (CAN)-based Test Access Mechanism (TAM) for aging defect diagnosis with efficient soft-error resilient scan cell design for automotive ASICs. The proposed TAM incurs area overhead of 6% to 9% depending upon the selection of mode identification. Further, the proposed Aging monitoring and Soft Error Resilience Flip Flop (ARFF) incurs 22% less area and power as compared to separate implementation of the Built-In Soft Error Resilience (BISER) and the Early Capture Flip Flop (ECFF).

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Demystifying automotive safety and security for semiconductor developer

Cited by 8 publications

References 15 publications

High-Voltage Stations for Electric Vehicle Fast-Charging: Trends, Standards, Charging Modes and Comparison of Unity Power-Factor Rectifiers

High-Voltage Stations for Electric Vehicle Fast-Charging: Trends, Standards, Charging Modes and Comparison of Unity Power-Factor Rectifiers

Changes in essential oil composition of <i>Thymus vulgaris</i> under different storage conditions and its antimicrobial activity

CAN-Based Aging Monitoring Technique for Automotive ASICs With Efficient Soft Error Resilience

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