“…The techniques for reducing the changeover time enable the economical production of small lots, resulting in more flexibility to respond to market changes (Lozano et al, 2019;Bidarra et al, 2018;Braglia et al, 2017;Chaves et al, 2015;Yu, 2012;Conceicao et al, 2009). The shorter equipment changeover time, the smaller the production lot can be, resulting in higher production effectiveness (Silva and Godinho Filho, 2019;Antunes et al, 2013;Cakmakci, 2009;Neumann and Ribeiro, 2004). Reductions in setup time can be attained via SMED when the equipment changeover time is reduced (Mihok et al, 2015).…”