Design and Implementation of Smart Irrigation System Based on LoRa

Zhao, Weian; Lin, Shun‐Yun; Han, Jian; Xu, Renhui; Hou, Lu

doi:10.1109/glocomw.2017.8269115

Cited by 104 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Most of the research studies have performed on water management by monitoring such environmental parameters as temperature, humidity and soil moisture [1], [3], [5], [19], [25]. Many of the findings have focused on better water utilization, reduction inhuman intervention and the cost of production [18], [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IoT in agriculture and farming focus is on automating all the aspects of farming and agricultural methods to make the process more efficient and effective. Traditional approaches in livestock management (such as cattle detection) are not fully automated and have many inefficiencies such as higher human interaction, labour cost, power consumption, and water consumption [1], [3], [4], [5], [6]. The central concept of this review is to analyse the IoT sub-verticals, collected data for measurements and used technologies to develop applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) in Agriculture and Smart Farming towards Urban Greening: A Review

Madushanki¹,

Halgamuge²,

Wirasagoda³

et al. 2019

IJACSA

157

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It is essential to increase the productivity of agricultural and farming processes to improve yields and costeffectiveness with new technology such as the Internet of Things (IoT). In particular, IoT can make agricultural and farming industry processes more efficient by reducing human intervention through automation. In this study, the aim to analyze recently developed IoT applications in the agriculture and farming industries to provide an overview of sensor data collections, technologies, and sub-verticals such as water management and crop management. In this review, data is extracted from 60 peer-reviewed scientific publications (2016-2018) with a focus on IoT sub-verticals and sensor data collection for measurements to make accurate decisions. Our results from the reported studies show water management is the highest subvertical (28.08%) followed by crop management (14.60%) then smart farming (10.11%). From the data collection, livestock management and irrigation management resulted in the same percentage (5.61%). In regard to sensor data collection, the highest result was for the measurement of environmental temperature (24.87%) and environmental humidity (19.79%). There are also some other sensor data regarding soil moisture (15.73%) and soil pH (7.61%). Research indicates that of the technologies used in IoT application development, Wi-Fi is the most frequently used (30.27%) followed by mobile technology (21.10%). As per our review of the research, we can conclude that the agricultural sector (76.1%) is researched considerably more than compared to the farming sector (23.8%). This study should be used as a reference for members of the agricultural industry to improve and develop the use of IoT to enhance agricultural production efficiencies. This study also provides recommendations for future research to include IoT systems' scalability, heterogeneity aspects, IoT system architecture, data analysis methods, size or scale of the observed land or agricultural domain, IoT security and threat solutions/protocols, operational technology, data storage, cloud platform, and power supplies.12 | P a g e www.ijacsa.thesai.orgThis review provides an overall picture of currently developed IoT applications in agriculture and farming between 2016 and 2018.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) in Agriculture and Smart Farming towards Urban Greening: A Review

Madushanki¹,

Halgamuge²,

Wirasagoda³

et al. 2019

IJACSA

157

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The hardware of LoRa system includes LoRa Node and LoRa Gateway. The design of LoRa Node is dependent on its specific application requirements and one typical example can be found in our published work [17]. In this paper, we only focus on the design and implementation of LoRa Gateway, which acts as a relay between LoRa Node and LoRa network server.…”

Section: Hardware Design and Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The omnidirectional antenna has a gain of 10 dBi and an operating frequency range from 400 MHz to 470 MHz. Then, the packets are collected through LoRa transmission and then forwarded to LoRa network server by LTE [17]. Both the LoRa Gateway and Nodes operate at the frequency band of 433 MHz.…”

Section: A Coverage Performance and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Implementation of Open LoRa for IoT

et al. 2019

Self Cite

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Long Range (LoRa) network is emerging as one of the most promising Low Power Wide Area (LPWA) networks, since it enables the energy-constraint devices distributed over wide areas to establish affordable connectivity. However, how to implement a cost-effective and flexible LoRa network is still an open challenge. This paper aims at exposing a feasible solution of design and implementation, allowing users to conveniently build a private LoRa network for various IoT applications. Firstly, several typical application scenarios of LoRa network are discussed. Then, the LoRa system architecture is presented with the functionality of each component. We address the hardware design and implementation of LoRa Gateway, which is the bridge between LoRa nodes and LoRa network server. Especially, the paper contributes by proposing an improved software architecture of LoRa network server whose source codes are open on GitHub. Under the architecture, LoRa network server is divided into four decoupled modules and uses the messaging system based on streaming data for the interaction between modules to guarantee scalability and flexibility. Finally, extensive experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of LoRa networks in typical environments.Abstract-LoRa, LPWA, IoT, Microservice, Open Source

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“…According to the study developed system can stay online up to 5 years with 400 mAh over 10 km range. An agricultural use cases for monitoring crops [113], rice fields [114] and plant water controlling systems are [115][116][117][118] discussed. Kontogiannis [119] purpose a low power Beekeeping system to monitor temperature, humidity and control security of the hives through LoRaWAN.…”

Section: Lorawan Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey on LoRaWAN Architecture, Protocol and Technologies

et al. 2019

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Internet of Things (IoT) expansion led the market to find alternative communication technologies since existing protocols are insufficient in terms of coverage, energy consumption to fit IoT needs. Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) emerged as an alternative cost-effective communication technology for the IoT market. LoRaWAN is an open LPWAN standard developed by LoRa Alliance and has key features i.e., low energy consumption, long-range communication, builtin security, GPS-free positioning. In this paper, we will introduce LoRaWAN technology, the state of art studies in the literature and provide open opportunities. Several LPWANs emerged on both licensed and unlicensed bands, LoRaWAN, Sigfox and, NB-IoT are widely deployed vital technologies [3].Sigfox is an ultra-narrow band network that is patented and operated by Sigfox. Sigfox occupies 100 Hz and operates at 433MHz, 868MHz and 915MHz frequencies depending on the geographical regions. Technology has strict constraints on the number of packets (140 per day) and the packet size (12 bytes) to be sent. Also, LoRaWAN has similar policies to prevent network congestion allowing channels to be available only %1 duty-cycle for EU 868MHz (See Section 2.4.7). NB-IoT is an ultra-narrow band technology developed by the 3GPP group which can be adopted on GSM and LTE networks. It occupies 200 MHz bandwidth and can reach up to 200 kbps data transmission speed. Compared to LoRaWAN, Sigfox and NB-IoT operated by global network operators which limit deployments of the private networks [4].An overview comparison of the three networks is shown in Table 1. When LPWAN characteristics are considered LoRaWAN becomes a strong candidate for both scientific and industrial uses cases.LoRa referrer to Long Range and a physical layer technology patented by Semtech [5].LoRaWAN is an open protocol proposed by the LoRa Alliance which enables the MAC layer for the network [6].In this study, we will introduce the technological aspects of LoRaWAN and the state of art studies fulfilled about LoRaWAN till today. LoRaWAN protocol was first released in 2015 and had a few minor revisions, the differences in the protocol has been highlighted in the relevant subsection. In the survey, we will introduce LoRaWAN in depth both technological aspects and the use cases of its different areas. We categorized literature studies as in Figure 1. Studies are classified as two main sections; network technology and the applications, each section has own sub-branches. The majority of the work is focused on the coverage tests and applicability of the technology for different fields from large scale smart city applications to personal tracking assets. However, there are still gaps in the literature where researchers can address these problems such as post-disaster communication, decentralized networks, network management, and Adaptive Data Rate.

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Design and Implementation of Smart Irrigation System Based on LoRa

Cited by 104 publications

References 8 publications

Adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) in Agriculture and Smart Farming towards Urban Greening: A Review

Adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) in Agriculture and Smart Farming towards Urban Greening: A Review

Design and Implementation of Open LoRa for IoT

A Survey on LoRaWAN Architecture, Protocol and Technologies

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