Detection of potential risk of wastewater effluents for transmission of antibiotic resistance from Vibrio species as a reservoir in a peri-urban community in South Africa

Abstract

We assessed the antibiogram characteristics of some Vibrio species isolated from wastewater final effluents in a typical peri-urban community of South Africa. Marked resistances were noted against erythromycin (100%), chloramphenicol (100%), nitrofurantoin, cefuroxime and cephalothin (90-95%) in V. parahaemolyticus, V. fluvialis and V. vulnificus, respectively. Fourteen antibiotypes were identified, with multiresistance to 8-10 antibiotics being common. The antibiotypes AMP, PEN, STR, SUL, TMP, COT, CHL, ERY, CIP and PB demonstrated by V. fluvialis were the most prevalent (17.24%). Eight putative antibiotic resistance genes were identified with floR being the mostly (100%) detected in all the three species while tet(A) was the least with 65% prevalence in V. vulnificus, 7.14% in V. parahaemolyticus and none in V. fluvialis. These results demonstrate that the treated effluent system are reservoirs for various antibiotic resistance genes which could be disseminated to inhabitants downstream the plant and pose health risk to the communities who are dependent upon the watershed for domestic and recreational purposes.

Incidence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolates recovered from dairy farms in Amathole District Municipality, Eastern Cape, South Africa

“…isolates was conducted using boiling method [15]. Briefly, pure isolates were obtained from the sorbitol-MacConkey agar, and these colonies were inoculated on sorbitol-MacConkey agar to ensure purity, from which the resulting pure colonies were further grown on nutrient agar prior to DNA extraction.…”

Quorum Sensing Regulatory Cascades Control Vibrio fluvialis Pathogenesis

“…This is largely due to its food-borne nature ability to cause mild to moderate dehydration, vomiting, fever, abdominal pain, and diarrhea (18,19). It was first isolated in 1977 from a patient suffering from severe diarrhea (18) and can be frequently detected in both human diarrheal stool samples and aquatic environments (20,21). It has been reported that V. fluvialis elicits intestinal fluid when fed to suckling mice (22) and produces an array of virulence factors, including proteases, cytolysins, and toxins that elongate Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells (23,24).…”

Anti-vibrio potentials of acetone and aqueous leaf extracts of <i>Ocimum gratissimum</i> (Linn)

“…This has resulted to increased resistance to different antibiotics groups. Vibrio specie is not an exception when it comes to antibiotic resistant strains [1,3] several studies have reported the appearance of such strains. The development of antibiotic resistance outpaces the development of new drugs such that it has become a global challenge with detrimental long term effects [4].…”

“…Most of these water bodies are used for drinking water, household, recreational purposes and fishing by the people living in the surrounding communities and they are at risk of acquiring Vibrio infections [2]. Vibrio species and other food-borne pathogens that have been exposed to antibiotics within or outside the effluents environment, can acquire antibiotics resistance transferable by mobile genetic elements and horizontal gene transfer [1]. This has resulted to increased resistance to different antibiotics groups.…”

“…The increase of antimicrobial resistance among pathogenic bacteria has emerged as an important public health issues, this has showcase debate about the careful use of antimicrobial agents [1]. Most of these water bodies are used for drinking water, household, recreational purposes and fishing by the people living in the surrounding communities and they are at risk of acquiring Vibrio infections [2].…”