Determination of esmolol in serum by capillary zone electrophoresis and its monitoring in course of heart surgery

Development and Validation of a Rapid RP‐HPLC Method for the Estimation of Esmolol Hydrochloride in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms

“…Review of literature has revealed that few methods have been reported for the estimation of esmolol hydrochloride. Most HPLC methods reported are useful in estimating esmolol hydrochloride in human plasma [1][2][3][4][5] and biological fluids 6 . One method of estimation of esmolol hydrochloride by capillary electrophoresis has also been reported 7 .…”

Simultaneous determination of the enantiomers of esmolol and its acid metabolite in human plasma by reversed phase liquid chromatography with solid-phase extraction

“…It is rapidly metabolized by hydrolysis of the ester linkage chiefly by esterases in blood to methanol and an acid metabolite, 3-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propoxy]phenyl} propionic acid (Fig. 1) [2][3][4]. In view of the importance and the potential enantioselectivity of this metabolic pathway, simultaneous determination of the enantiomers of esmolol and its acid metabolite seems to be more significant.…”

Determination of β-blockers in pharmaceutical and human urine by capillary electrophoresis with electrochemiluminescence detection and studies on the pharmacokinetics

“…The proposed CE-ECL method shows the lower detection limit than 0.58 mol/L for esmolol [20] and 0.4 mol/L for metoprolol [23], the wider linear range than 17−340 mol/L for esmolol [20] and 0.18−1.5 mol/L for atenolol [21], the higher recovery than 67.8−82.3% for atenolol [21], and the shorter migration time than 21 min for metoprolol [22]. This method uses firstly Poly-␤-CD instead of the harmful organic solvent (tetrahydrofuran) [23] as additive to improve the separation of multi-␤-blocker in CE-ECL, and the procedure of pretreatment of sample is simple, thus the proposed method could develop into a new and powerful tool for pharmaceutical monitoring in biofluids and clinical analysis in future.…”

“…However, these methods have some drawbacks, including narrow linear ranges, high detection limits, time-consuming extraction procedures, expensive instrumentations, and high running costs, which limit their practical applications. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) was also applied to determine single ␤-blocker, such as esmolol [20] and atenolol [21] with UV detection. Park et al [22] used UV and ECL as detector to detect five ␤-blockers in human urine by HPLC, and found that UV detection resulted in much more complex chromatogram compared to that obtained with ECL detection.…”