Determination of nitrogen compound distribution in petroleum by gas chromatography with a thermionic detector

Phase equilibrium data and thermodynamic modelling of the system (propane + DMF + methanol) at high pressures

“…The presence of nitrogen compounds in crude petroleum and in its fractions may give rise of serious problems in the refining process, such as catalyst poisoning, corrosion and gum or colour formation in final products [1][2][3]. Besides, high toxicity and carcinogenic activity have been attributed to several basic and even neutral nitrogen compounds [4].…”

“…Additionally, the use of a compressed fluid, such as propane can help to break the azeotropes formation. Furthermore, phase equilibria data are useful for designing the removal of nitrogen compounds present in crude oil fractions [1][2][3]. In this scenario, the application of thermodynamic models may be relevant to describe the phase behaviour of multicomponent mixtures and hence to elucidate the phenomena involved in the fractionation/separation step, in the process design and optimization and to establish the process flow sheet of a chemical plant.…”

Phase behaviour of heavy petroleum fractions in pure propane and n-butane and with methanol as co-solvent

“…Furthermore, phase equilibria data are useful for removing undesirable nitrogen compounds present in crude oil fractions [1][2][3]. The removal of nitrogen compounds, before the hydrodesulphurization (HDS) treatment, yields diesel with low colour index and better stock stability.…”

Nitrogen Compound Distribution in Refined Middle Distillate Fuels

“…Thus, it is important to continue to research our most important energy source. In particular, it is the study of heteroatom species compounds that is important in both petroleum and other alternative energy sources (Nixon, 1962;Albert, 1978;Murti et al, 2002). During thermal stress or long-term ambient storage, organo-nitrogen compounds can cause deterioration such as sediment formation.…”