“…Urine and faeces of treated animals and feed of animals were also detected to achieve early detection of contravention of the regulations. The instrumental methods such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), 2,3 gas chromatography (GC), 4 GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), 5,6 colorimetric assay 7 and chemiluminescence (CL) 8,9 have been used to detect DES residue, but they are laborious, expensive, timeconsuming and need effort for sample preparation before analysis. These conventional methods are not suitable to screen samples routinely.…”