Development and application of a new electrochemical cell allowing EPR/ENDOR and NIR measurements

Friedrich, Jan O.; Baumgarten, Martin

doi:10.1007/bf03162216

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The reference system (Ag/AgCl reference electrode) was obtained according to a literature procedure. 47 This electrode appeared to be substantially more stable than the Ag/AgClO4 reference system, which is frequently employed in THF. 48 All potentials were referenced to SCE employing a known standard (ferrocene/ferrocinium couple) and are given in volts (V) versus SCE.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…A three-electrode setup was used, with a Pt disk electrode (with an area of 0.78 mm 2 ) and a Pt counter electrode. The reference system (Ag/AgCl reference electrode) was obtained according to a literature procedure . This electrode appeared to be substantially more stable than the Ag/AgClO 4 reference system, which is frequently employed in THF .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Band Gap Modifications in Functionalized Poly(methylphenylsilanes)

1999

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For many applications of polysilanes in optoelectronic devices, it is desirable that polymer properties, such as their band gap energy levels, their (redox) stability, and their propensity to interact favorably with (semi)conducting inorganic substrates, can be tailored. It has been demonstrated that, by introduction of substituents in the aryl moiety of poly(methylphenylsilane) (1), i.e., poly(methyl-4-methylphenylsilane) (2), poly(4-methoxyphenylmethylsilane) (3), poly[4-(dimethylamino)phenylmethylsilane] (4), poly(3-methoxyphenylmethylsilane) (5), and poly[4-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenylmethylsilane] (6), these objectives can be achieved. For comparative purposes, poly(4,7,10,13-tetraoxatetradecylmethylsilane) (7) was also taken into consideration. Electrochemical measurements (cyclic voltammetry) in THF/LiClO4 of 1 − 7 show that the onset of oxidation V i of each polysilane provides a reliable estimate of its valence band edge; within series 1 − 7 V i shifts over ca. 0.7 V. Although it is impossible to obtain a reliable estimate of the conduction band edge due to the available potential window of THF/LiClO4, the position of the conduction band edge of the polysilanes is derived from their optical band gaps using fluorescence excitation and emission spectroscopy. The electrochemical and optical properties of the related polysilanes 1−5 correlate with the substituent Hammett constants (σR). The Hammett reaction constants (ρ) indicate that the optical band gap (ρ = 0.29) is less sensitive to electronic pertubations induced by the substituents than the valence band edge (ρ = 0.85). From these results the response of the conduction band edge toward substituent induced electronic pertubations was estimated to be ρ = 0.60. The experimental results are supported by semiempirical PM3 calculations on polysilane oligomers n = 1−10 of 1 and 4.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Band Gap Modifications in Functionalized Poly(methylphenylsilanes)

1999

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“…The extreme difficulty of generating fullerene cations as stable entities in condensed media has apparently made them inaccessible to even the highly adaptable technique of spectroelectrochemistry 401 and, until very recently, to synthetic methods as well. + to subsequent reaction with nucleophiles can, however, leave doubt about whether the primary oxidation product has always been observed.…”

Section: G Epr Spectra Of Fullerenium Cationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discrete Fulleride Anions and Fullerenium Cations

2000

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His research interests include reactive cation and superacid chemistry with inert carborane counterions, ionic liquids, bioinorganic chemistry, spin-coupling phenomena, fullerene chemistry, and new carbon-or porphyrin-based materials. He is a Sloan Fellow, a Dreyfus Teacher−Scholar Awardee, and a Guggenheim Fellow. Robert Bolskar received his B.S. degree in Chemistry from Carroll College in Waukesha, WI, in 1992. He earned his Ph.D. degree at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles under the direction of Christopher Reed in 1997, investigating the synthetic redox chemistry of fullerene anions and cations. In 1998 he moved to the University of California, Riverside, as Managing Research Associate. He is currently Senior Chemist at TDA Research in Wheat Ridge, CO. His research interests include the chemistry and physics of fullerene compounds, supramolecular chemistry, strongly oxidizing systems, and electrophilic cations.

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“…The Ag/AgCl reference electrode was prepared as described in reference [60]. (3): A slightly modified literature procedure was employed.…”

Section: ]/A C H T U N G T R E N N U N G [Fecp 2 ]Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Side Chain Mediated Electronic Contact between a Tetrahydro‐4H‐thiopyran‐4‐ylidene‐Appended Polythiophene and CdTe Quantum Dots

Beek¹,

Zoombelt²,

Jenneskens³

et al. 2006

Chemistry A European J

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Currently, many watershed models are available that have various complexities, strengths, and weaknesses. The basic mathematical foundations of these mathematical models are often overlooked due to high demands on convenient applications with graphical user interfaces. Although this and other factors are important while selecting a model, the mathematical foundation should also be taken into account, as performance or efficiency and accuracy of a model depend on its simplicity or complexity. A comprehensive review of 14 storm event watershed models was conducted. Hydrologic procedures (rainfall excess, flow routing, and subsurface flow) of the models are presented and compiled. Among the procedures, flow routing has the most influence on model performances (speed and accuracy). Overland and channel flow routing procedures using different flow‐governing equations, having various approximations and solved by different methods, are compared based on their relative levels of physical bases, complexities, and expected accuracies in simulating the dynamics of water flow. Models using more mathematical terms in the flow‐governing equations are more physically based and expected to be more accurate than models using approximations, however, are more complex due to more intensive but approximate numerical schemes (inefficient). Models using approximate equations with analytical solutions may provide a balance between complexity and accuracy. The review and comparisons are useful to modellers, water resources managers, and researchers in understanding the basic foundations of the models and making informed selections for practical applications or further developments. Other factors such as data intensiveness, user friendliness, and resource requirements are also important considerations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Development and application of a new electrochemical cell allowing EPR/ENDOR and NIR measurements

Cited by 10 publications

References 31 publications

Band Gap Modifications in Functionalized Poly(methylphenylsilanes)

Band Gap Modifications in Functionalized Poly(methylphenylsilanes)

Discrete Fulleride Anions and Fullerenium Cations

Side Chain Mediated Electronic Contact between a Tetrahydro‐4H‐thiopyran‐4‐ylidene‐Appended Polythiophene and CdTe Quantum Dots

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