Development and Present Status of an Electrocatalytic Glucose Sensor

Abstract

For the determination of glucose in body fluids the electrocatalytic sensor seems to be quite favorable, particularly for long-term intracorporeal operation. The measuring response is disturbed by the fluctuating concentrations of interfering substances that are present in body fluids. However, the disturbance can be for the most part controlled, as shown in the case of amino acids. Their marked influence on glucose oxidation is suppressed at a membrane-covered sensor electrode by using a potential step method.

Influence of Paracetamol, Sulfanilamide and Ascorbic Acid on the Electrocatalytic Glucose Sensor

“…The influence of different blood ingredients, such as amino acids and urea, on the glucose oxidation at a noble metal electrode has been investigated by several groups: Giner, Marincic and Soeldner (1981); Guyton, Chang, Aisenberg and Soeldner (1975); Rao, Richter, Luft and von Sturm (1978). Good results in eliminating the interfering influences have been achieved by the use of selectively permeable membranes and by separation of the different potential dependent reactivity of these substances, as published by Gebhardt, Luft, Mund and Richter (1983) and by Richter, Luft and Gebhardt (1982).…”

Implantable Electrocatalytic Glucose Sensor

“…The electrocatalytic type of sensor based on the biofuel cell (Drake, Messinger, Matsuda, Masse, O'Connel, Arzoumanidis, Colton and Borsanyi 1972;Giner and Holleck 1972;Richter and Rao 1973) was pursued since its long-term stability is favourable for implantation {Richter, Luft and Gebhardt 1982). The first tests of sensor performance in blood were successfully conducted by in vitro glucose measurements.…”

“…The first tests of sensor performance in blood were successfully conducted by in vitro glucose measurements. For these experiments, we used a sensor which was constructed as a flow-through-cell {Richter, Luft and Gebhardt 1982).…”

Pulsed amperometric detection of glucose in biological fluids at a surface-modified gold electrode

“…Glucose is not well-behaved electrochemically, and analysis based on the interpretation of current-voltage curves is complicated and time-consuming (5). Response is subject to electrode fouling by oxidation products (6) and to interference from amino acids, ascorbic acid, urea (7), and a variety of drugs such as acetaminophen. Moreover, chloride is known to have a significant inhibitory effect on glucose oxidation kinetics (5).…”

“…A suitable impulse function for deconvolution cannot be obtained and the rate of a chemical reaction occurring in the presence of a comparably fast mass transfer cannot be obtained by deconvolution. In this mixed regime the chemical reaction rate is, in fact, difficult to measure in any way by solvent extraction alone (7).…”