Development of a Thermoresponsive Polymeric Composite Film Using Cross-Linked β-Cyclodextrin Embedded with Carbon Quantum Dots as a Transdermal Drug Carrier

Abstract

Polymeric nanocomposite films are used as promising transdermal drug carriers because of the improved patient compliance, easy application on skin, and noninvasiveness. A thermoresponsive polymeric composite film has been developed here through the deposition of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) on functionalized β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). The composite has been developed by grafting of poly­(N-vinyl caprolactam) on β-CD, followed by cross-linking of diethylene glycol dimethacrylate and subsequent deposition of CQDs. CQDs have been prepared from waste pomegranate peels via a hydrothermal method. To enlighten the thermoresponsive nature of the composite film, lower critical solution temperature, as well as temperature-dependent swelling behavior, has been studied. The composite demonstrates excellent rheological features. The developed polymeric composite film is nontoxic toward NIH 3T3 fibroblast cell lines. On the deposition of CQDs on the copolymer, the penetration power and fluorescent property have been improved, which help to track the cells in vitro. This film is worthy to be applied to the skin. It can efficiently load lidocaine hydrochloride monohydrate (LHM). In vitro and ex vivo skin permeation profiles reveal the sustained release behavior of loaded LHM at average skin temperature and pH.

Poly(N-vinyl imidazole) Cross-Linked β-Cyclodextrin Hydrogel for Rapid Hemostasis in Severe Renal Arterial Hemorrhagic Model

“…LHM is a local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic drug , and is generally used in the treatment of pain. LHM contains −NH and CO functional groups, which interact with various functional groups present in the hydrogelator as well as the hydrophobic part of the drug could form the inclusion complex in the hydrophobic core of the β-CD moiety present in the hydrogelator as represented in Figure S10, Supporting Information.…”

“…Hydrogels are physically or chemically cross-linked 3D polymeric networks that are able to swell through absorption of a large amount of water or biological fluids, although they never dissolve in the corresponding media. , Because hemostatic materials should possess high absorbance ability, it is suitable to consider hydrogels as an attractive component for their design . Recent works reported improved performance of hydrogels through introduction of cross-linked polymeric networks, which are able to swell very rapidly during contact with blood .…”

Recent advances in various stimuli-responsive hydrogels: from synthetic designs to emerging healthcare applications

“…This improves the bioavailability and the biological half time of drugs as well as simultaneously reduces their toxic side effects. 115,118 There are various processes to load drugs inside hydrogel matrices like diffusion, swelling, and chemical binding. Likewise, there are also various release mechanisms by which drugs are released into the biological medium from the hydrogel matrix.…”

A Novel Method for Preparation of Carrageenan/Fish Scale Collagen/Allopurinol Biocomposite Film

“…These technologies include chemical methods such as self-assembly; physical methods such as electrospinning, electrospraying, and 3D printing; and also the combination of these methods [38][39][40][41]. The drug-containing polymeric films are suggested as promising controlled release systems [42][43][44][45][46]. These films can be fabricated by solvent casting, solution casting, or extrusion.…”