Development of inorganic polymer by alkali-activation of untreated kaolinitic clay: Reaction stoichiometry, strength and dimensional stability

Esaifan, Muayad; Rahier, Hubert; Barhoum, Ahmed; Khoury, Hani; Hourani, Mohammed Khair; Wastiels, Jan

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.04.034

Cited by 41 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Its clay mineralogy was studied by Khoury and El-Sakka [41] who classified it as low-grade kaolin clay due to the presence of calcite (5-10%) and iron oxide (2-6%). The amount of kaolinite in this deposit was estimated by Esaifan et al [28] to be about 68% based on thermogravimetric analysis. According to XRF analysis, calcite-bearing kaolin contains a CaO content of 5.3%, which is equivalent to 9.5% CaCO 3 .…”

Section: Raw Materialsmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…The alkaline activator was prepared by dissolving NaOH pellets (Carl Roth, 99.0%) in deionized water in a capped plastic bottle. Afterward, the synthesized zeolite was dried at 105 • C for 24 h, then crushed using a Fritsch planetary micro-mill pulverisette 7 and sieved to ≤40 µm [28].…”

Section: Synthesis Of the Hydroxy-sodalite/cancrinite Zeolite Compositementioning

confidence: 99%

“…As an example of the alkali-activation of kaolinite, it has been reported that hydroxy-sodalite is produced when using NaOH at a molarity of 10 or higher [28]. In contrast, zeolite Na-P1, zeolite LTA, sodalite, and analcime result when the concentration of NaOH in the reaction mixture is lower than a molarity of 4 [24,29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis of Hydroxy-Sodalite/Cancrinite Zeolites from Calcite-Bearing Kaolin for the Removal of Heavy Metal Ions in Aqueous Media

et al. 2019

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A hydroxy-sodalite/cancrinite zeolite composite was synthesized from low-grade calcite-bearing kaolin by hydrothermal alkali-activation method at 160 • C for 6 h. The effect of calcite addition on the formation of the hydroxy-sodalite/cancrinite composite was investigated using artificial mixtures. The chemical composition and crystal morphology of the synthesized zeolite composite were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and N 2 adsorption/desorption analyses. The average specific surface area is around 17-20 m 2 ·g −1 , whereas the average pore size lies in the mesoporous range (19-21 nm). The synthesized zeolite composite was used as an adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals in aqueous solutions. Batch experiments were employed to study the influence of adsorbent dosage on heavy metal removal efficiency. Results demonstrate the effective removal of significant quantities of Cu, Pb, Ni, and Zn from aqueous media. A comparative study of synthesized hydroxy-sodalite and hydroxy-sodalite/cancrinite composites revealed the latter was 16-24% more efficient at removing heavy metals from water. The order of metal uptake efficiency for these zeolites was determined to be Pb > Cu > Zn > Ni. These results indicate that zeolite composites synthesized from natural calcite-bearing kaolin materials could represent effective and low-cost adsorbents for heavy metal removal using water treatment devices in regions of water shortage.

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Section: Raw Materialsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Synthesis Of the Hydroxy-sodalite/cancrinite Zeolite Compositementioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis of Hydroxy-Sodalite/Cancrinite Zeolites from Calcite-Bearing Kaolin for the Removal of Heavy Metal Ions in Aqueous Media

et al. 2019

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“…Kaolinite is a layered aluminosilicate mineral with the chemical composition of Al 2 Si 2 O 5 (OH) 4 . It has low swell-shrink and cation-exchange capacities (1 -15 meq/100 g) [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has low swell-shrink and cation-exchange capacities (1 -15 meq/100 g) [3]. It has been activated by alkali-activation to produce, potentially, a network of hydroxy-sodalite (H-SOD) [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Electroconducting Hydroxy-Sodalite/Graphite Composite: Preparation and Characterization

Alomari¹,

Esaifan²,

Hourani³

et al. 2019

AMPC

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Electroconductive hydroxy-sodalite/graphite composites were synthesized by alkali-activation of kaolinite in the presence of sodium hydroxide as the alkali activator and graphite as a conductive filler. Thermal, morphological and microstructural properties in addition to direct current (D.C.) conductivity of the prepared composites were investigated. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in the attenuated total reflection mode (FTIR/ATR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive using X-ray analysis (SEM/EDX) and DC conductivity measurements were used to characterize the prepared composites. The effect of the hydroxyl-sodalite-to-graphite and NaOH-to-kaolinite ratios on the electrical conductivity was investigated and evaluated on the generated composite specimens made of Jordanian kaolinite or pure kaolinite. It was demonstrated that increasing the mass ratio of graphite-to-kaolinite in the clay-based composites increased the electrical conductivity of the resultant composites. It was also observed that using 1:1 graphite-to-pure kaolinite mass ratio showed the best electrical conductivity value of 3 × 10 −3 s/cm, among the other mass ratios used for pure kaolinite specimens, while using 1:1 mass ratio of graphite-to-Jordanian kaolinite showed a conductivity of 1.6 s/cm.

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Feasibility of production fired bricks based lateritic soil at very low temperature

Sontia Metekong,

Kaze,

Kamseu

et al. 2024

Int J Ceramic Engine & Sci

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The present project deals with the production of lateritic soil based bricks under different curing temperatures (28°C–150°C). A fraction of 10–30 wt% amount alkaline solution was added to improve the reactive phase content. The raw materials and hardened products were characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), fourrier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), mechanical properties and scanning electron microscope analysis. The results show that the addition of alkaline solution (30%) and the curing temperature (150°C) have a beneficial influence on physical properties (bulk density: 1.77 g/cm3, water absorption: 16.98%, and porosity: 30.13%) and mechanical performances (flexural: 6.61 MPa and compressive: 13.57 MPa). Compared with the code requirements for stabilized earth blocks, the compressive strength was higher than the minimum required. Microstructural investigations were also carried out to confirm the macrostructural properties. The above‐mentioned process appears to be a suitable candidate for engineering applications such as the stabilization of earth roads.

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Development of inorganic polymer by alkali-activation of untreated kaolinitic clay: Reaction stoichiometry, strength and dimensional stability

Cited by 41 publications

References 24 publications

Synthesis of Hydroxy-Sodalite/Cancrinite Zeolites from Calcite-Bearing Kaolin for the Removal of Heavy Metal Ions in Aqueous Media

Synthesis of Hydroxy-Sodalite/Cancrinite Zeolites from Calcite-Bearing Kaolin for the Removal of Heavy Metal Ions in Aqueous Media

Synthesis of Electroconducting Hydroxy-Sodalite/Graphite Composite: Preparation and Characterization

Feasibility of production fired bricks based lateritic soil at very low temperature

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