Development of Sankey diagrams to visualize real HVAC performance

Abdelalim, Aly; O’Brien, William; Shi, Zixiao

doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.05.040

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Sankey diagrams have an extensive history in mapping and exploration of flows in operational systems [39,40]. Researchers have studied their use for estimating energy flows from sparse sensor data [41] and visual representation of interdependencies between electricity, heat, and gas networks [42]. The results of the case study presented in this paper have shown that Sankey diagrams can be used to represent flows from real-time sensor data in systems with evolving topologies that are derived from disparate data sources.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Software Systems Approach to Multi-Scale GIS-BIM Utility Infrastructure Network Integration and Resource Flow Simulation

Gilbert

Barr

James

et al. 2018

IJGI

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There is an increasing impetus for the use of digital city models and sensor network data to understand the current demand for utility resources and inform future infrastructure service planning across a range of spatial scales. Achieving this requires the ability to represent a city as a complex system of connected and interdependent components in which the topology of the electricity, water, gas, and heat demand-supply networks are modelled in an integrated manner. However, integrated modelling of these networks is hampered by the disparity between the predominant data formats and modelling processes used in the Geospatial Information Science (GIS) and Building Information Modelling (BIM) domains. This paper presents a software systems approach to scale-free, multi-format, integrated modelling of evolving cross-domain utility infrastructure network topologies, and the analysis of the spatiotemporal dynamics of their resource flows. The system uses a graph database to integrate the topology of utility network components represented in the CityGML UtilityNetwork Application Domain Extension (ADE), Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) and JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) real-time streaming messages. A message broker is used to disseminate the changing state of the integrated topology and the dynamic resource flows derived from the streaming data. The capability of the developed system is demonstrated via a case study in which internal building and local electricity distribution feeder networks are integrated, and a real-time building management sensor data stream is used to simulate and visualise the spatiotemporal dynamics of electricity flows using a dynamic web-based visualisation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Software Systems Approach to Multi-Scale GIS-BIM Utility Infrastructure Network Integration and Resource Flow Simulation

Gilbert

Barr

James

et al. 2018

IJGI

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“…Sankey diagrams are widespread in various branches of technology [13]. However, they are no longer the only tools for visualizing forms of energy such as heat and work in relation to energy flows in heat power systems.…”

Section: Exergy Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Case study of Exergy Losses of a Ground Heat Pump and Photovoltaic Cells System and Their Optimization

2021

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The aim of this scientific research is to experimentally determine the exergy losses of a ground heat pump and further optimization for more efficient use of operating modes and improvement of individual structural elements. In addition, it is proposed to use photovoltaic panels as a backup power source for the experimental installation under study. The exergetic losses are calculated, not only for the ground heat pump itself, with R407C refrigerant. The research methodology consists in a comprehensive assessment of exergetic flows, their optimization using new methods of approximation of piecewise linear functions, and the development of prerequisites for the use of anergy as one of the components of a new type of analysis of the efficiency of low-potential energy sources. As a result of processing the experimental data, the values of Coefficient of performance (COP) 4.136, exergetic temperature for the lower heat source 0.0253 and for the upper heat source 0.155, exergetic efficiency of the installation 0.62, and total loss of specific exergy of the heat pump 24.029 kJ/kg were obtained. Controllers with the Modbus protocol were used for data collection. Matlab Simulink was used to process the experimental data. When carrying out the procedure for optimizing the operating modes and selecting several modes with minimal exergetic losses, an important role is given to mathematical methods of processing statistical data. The method of increasing the efficiency of the heat pump is shown, first of all, based on the use of photovoltaic panels as a backup power source and optimization of exergetic losses due to exergo-anergetic evaluation of operating modes. The authors present the measurement errors of the heat pump plant parameters in the form of a 3D Gaussian curve, which becomes possible only when applying new approximation methods in the processing of measurements.

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“…Abdelalim et al [5] propose to visualize energy and mass flows on building level and HVAC system using Sankey diagram. The sensor data are converted into estimated energy flows for each HVAC component, the color of the flows indicate whether it is normal or abnormal.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ease of comprehension of information displayed in the visualization by the analyst defines the efficiency of applying visual analytics techniques for pattern and anomaly detection in HVAC data. However, in many cases the existing visual analytics approaches proposed to analyze the HVAC or energy consumption data [3][4][5][6][7] did not undergo any usability assessment focusing both on their efficiency in solving tasks and easiness of their comprehension.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Usability Assessment of the Visualization-Driven Approaches to the HVAC Data Exploration

Novikova

Belimova

Dzhumagulova

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Computer Graphics and Machine Vision (GraphiCon 2020). Part 2

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Application of the Internet-connected operational devices in the heating, ventilation and conditioning (HVAC) systems has extended the cyber-attack surface by introducing different malicious scenarios. The analysis of the HVAC data may provide insight on typical patterns of the system operations. Implementation of the thoroughly elaborated visualization models may significantly increase the efficiency of the suspicious activity identification in the HVAC systems. In the paper we present the results of the laboratory usability testing of three visualization models used to analyze HVAC data – matrix-based visualization technique, non-linear multidimensional visualization technique RadViz and timeline chart. Matrix-based visualization and RadViz visualization are often used in anomaly detection process, while timeline charts are a traditional way to present operational HVAC data. We describe the experiment design and discuss the results obtained. The usability testing revealed advantages and limitations of these visualization techniques in behavior pattern and anomaly identification tasks. The results can further serve as guidelines for task-dependent selection of a visualization technique.

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Development of Sankey diagrams to visualize real HVAC performance

Cited by 19 publications

References 8 publications

Software Systems Approach to Multi-Scale GIS-BIM Utility Infrastructure Network Integration and Resource Flow Simulation

Software Systems Approach to Multi-Scale GIS-BIM Utility Infrastructure Network Integration and Resource Flow Simulation

A Case study of Exergy Losses of a Ground Heat Pump and Photovoltaic Cells System and Their Optimization

Usability Assessment of the Visualization-Driven Approaches to the HVAC Data Exploration

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