“…SELEX-generated aptamers are easier, cheaper, more stable, less immunogenic, allow better synthesis, and exhibit higher productivity than antibodies (Lakhin et al, 2013;Robati et al, 2018;Wu et al, 2012a). Recently, several aptamers have been generated against various targets, such as toxin (Mondal et al, 2018), protein (Hu et al, 2014), antibiotics (He et al, 2013;Song et al, 2011), and whole-cell pathogens (Bayrac¸et al, 2017;Duan et al, 2013aDuan et al, , 2013bDuan et al, , 2016Moon et al, 2014;Suh and Jaykus, 2013;Tianjun et al, 2016;Wu et al, 2012aWu et al, , 2012bYuan et al, 2014b).…”