Dinamika Ketenagakerjaan pada Wilayah Pedesaan Lahan Kering di Indonesia

Abstract

PENDAHULUANIndikator tidak langsung tingkat pendapatan rumah tangga sebagai representasi tingkat kesejahteraan di sektor pertanian yang berkaitan dengan tenaga kerja adalah produktivitas tenaga kerja dan tingkat pengangguran. Produktivitas tenaga kerja di sektor pertanian diukur dari pendapatan total yang diperoleh dari seluruh jenis kegiatan yang dilakukan anggota rumah tangga dibagi dengan jumlah anggota rumah tangga yang bekerja. Apabila produktivitas tenaga kerja di sektor pertanian relatif rendah maka secara tidak langsung akan diperoleh gambaran bahwa tingkat pendapatan rumah tangga di sektor pertanian akan relatif rendah. Sementara tingkat pengangguran diukur dari banyaknya anggota rumah tangga yang menganggur atau tidak memiliki pekerjaan. Apabila tingkat pengangguran di sektor pertanian relatif tinggi secara tidak langsung akan diperoleh gambaran bahwa tingkat pendapatan rumah tangga di sektor pertanian rata-rata akan relatif rendah. Realitas menunjukkan bahwa produktivitas tenaga kerja di sektor pertanian selalu lebih kecil daripada produktivitas tenaga kerja di luar sektor pertanian.Rusastra et al., 2005 mengemukakan bahwa unsur penting dari tenaga kerja manusia yang dapat menghasilkan pendapatan adalah keahlian dan tenaga. Keahlian sebagai representasi kualitas

Farmland mastery in Boyolali, Indonesia

“…Although the gap of land ownership and mastery distribution is one of agricultural development issues revealed frequently, in rural areas this gap will lead to the gap of income distribution. It is because the rural household income derives largely from farming activity in which the land is the main production factor [2]. From the table, it can be seen that the land mastery status by ownership in 15 (fifteen) villages in Andong Sub District is dominated by land-owning farmers who work on the land themselves (73.33 percent), while the rests are farm workers (26.67 percent).…”

“…Land ownership is important not only to farming, but also to determining a variety of other needs in societal life; thus land functions not only as a productive asset, but also as trading commodity. It makes land an asset and a commodity all at once that can be handed over or can be transferred for its mastery status [2]. Land mastery is a system of cultivating land, particularly farmland, either own land or others' land.…”

Gender segregation in farm labour, its roles and dynamic during Covid pandemic: case study from West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

“…A study [13] reported that almost all WNT region fall under dry-climate zone and only 5% land is in wet-climate conditions found in Central Lombok, West Lombok and East Lombok Districts. On the other word, Lombok is more fertile than Sumbawa Island [14]. Given these conditions, farmers adjust this climatic condition by planting dry tolerant and short harvest period commodities such as maize, mung bean and ground peanut.…”

Analysis of corn commodity production and development policy in North Minahasa, North Sulawesi Province

“…Therefore, in an effort to develop a farming business, corn commodities will always be included in the network of commodity agribusiness activities, meaning that success in increasing the cultivation of corn farming cannot be separated from the commodity agribusiness system itself. The development of corn commodities is not all farmers strive for their own consumption, but most farmers direct these efforts to meet market needs [15].…”