Micro-milling is a common processing method for fabricating micro uidic chips or other micro products with high processing accuracy and low cost, suitable for mass production. The main concern of micromilling is the surface roughness of the machined surface. However, the general study of the surface roughness of micro-milling can only nd that only a small range of surface roughness can be obtained by changing the processing parameters. It is very di cult to obtain a speci c roughness. In the process of micro-milling with end mills, due to the structural characteristics of the tool tip, the inclination angle of the tool will have a signi cant impact on the bottom surface of the machined channels. In this work, the in uence of tool inclination on the surface roughness of machining was studied through the machining tests of inclined micro-milling on a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) surface, and it was proposed to realize the control of the machined surface roughness by inclined micro-milling. In addition, a theoretical model considering tool inclination was established to calculate the surface roughness of the machined bottom obtained by inclined micro-milling. The experimental results are consistent with the theoretical model results in the lower speed range. Afterwards, the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is used to replicate the microchannel machined on the PMMA surface, and the micro uidic chips were prepared to control the uid ow in the channel by adjusting the roughness of the bottom of the channel. Results show that the smoother channel will ow rst under the same ow pressure. The study offers a new idea of surface roughness control, which can be applied to ow control in micro uidic chips.