Direct Growth of Metal Sulfide Nanoparticle Networks in Solid‐State Polymer Films for Hybrid Inorganic–Organic Solar Cells

Dowland, Simon; Lutz, Thierry; Ward, Alexander J.; King, Simon; Sudlow, Anna L.; Hill, Michael S.; Molloy, Kieran C.; Haque, Saif A.

doi:10.1002/adma.201100625

Cited by 129 publications

(129 citation statements)

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“…Recently a new approach to synthesize CdS NPs with a greater morphology control for the NPs/polymer solar cell devices has been demonstrated by Haque et al [12,19] via a controlled in-situ thermal decomposition of metal xanthates based single source precursor with P3HT polymer. Haque et al used ethyl xanthate with pyridine as a co-ligand for the synthesis of cadmium complex [Cd (S 2 COEt) 2 Á 2C 5 H 5 N], which is highly hazardous.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A green approach for direct growth of CdS nanoparticles network in poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) polymer film for hybrid photovoltaic

et al. 2012

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A green approach for direct growth of CdS nanoparticles network in poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) polymer film for hybrid photovoltaic

et al. 2012

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“…Dye/semiconductor sensitized solar cells, [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] organic solar cells, [12][13][14][15] and inorganic-organic hybrid solar cells [16][17][18][19][20][21] show promise among the novel photovoltaic devices. However, liquid electrolyte-based sensitized solar cells suffer from solvent leakage, and organic solar cells have the problem of short life-time.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

High performance hybrid solar cells sensitized by organolead halide perovskites

Cai

Xing

Yang

et al. 2013

Energy Environ. Sci.

613

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Solid state hybrid solar cells with hybrid organolead halide perovskites (CH 3 NH 3 PbBr 3 and CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 ) as light harvesters and p-type polymer poly[N-9-hepta-decanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-3,6-bis-(thiophen-5-yl)-2,5-dioctyl-2,5-di-hydropyrrolo [3,4-]pyrrole-1,4-dione](PCBTDPP) as a hole transporting material were studied. The Great attention has recently been drawn to developing costeffective, high efficiency solar cells to meet the ever increasing demand for clean energy. Dye/semiconductor sensitized solar cells, 1-11 organic solar cells, 12-15 and inorganic-organic hybrid solar cells [16][17][18][19][20][21] show promise among the novel photovoltaic devices. However, liquid electrolyte-based sensitized solar cells suffer from solvent leakage, and organic solar cells have the problem of short life-time. Hybrid solar cells present a possibility to overcome these disadvantages by using solid-state ptype hole transporting materials (HTM) in lieu of the liquid electrolyte.22-28 Most recently, research in this eld has achieved great progress: PCEs exceeding 5% have been obtained for solar cells consisting of Sb 2 S 3 nanocrystals as the sensitizer, mesoscopic TiO 2 as the n-type electron transporting material (ETM) and p-type polymers as the HTM. 29,30Hybrid organolead halide perovskites are a class of semiconductors with ABX 3 (X ¼ Cl À , Br À , and I À ) structures consisting of lead cations in 6-fold coordination (B site), surrounded by an octahedron of halide anions (X site, face centered) together with the organic components in 12-fold cuboctahedral coordination (A site) (Fig. 1a). Their intrinsic properties can easily be tuned by tailoring the chemistry of the organic and inorganic components. 31,32 These hybrid perovskites have a direct band gap, a large absorption coefficient as well as high carrier mobility. Especially notable is that they can be synthesized by simple solution approaches, a very attractive characteristic for fabricating cost-effective solar cells. Miyasaka et al. 33 have pioneered their application in sensitized solar cells in a liquid electrolyte system, and a high efficiency of 6.5% was reported later. Unfortunately the performance of the solar cells degraded very rapidly due to the dissolution of perovskite sensitizers in the liquid electrolyte.34 A breakthrough was

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“…As such, we have implemented this design strategy in the fabrication of CdS:P3HT and CuInS 2 :polymer nanocomposite fi lms and demonstrated effi cient charge photogeneration at the donor-acceptor heterojunction. [9][10][11] Furthermore, the integration of such photoactive layers into solar cell architectures yielded impressive power conversion effi ciencies approaching 3% under AM1.5 simulated solar illumination. [ 11 ] In this paper, we extend our previous work and report on a bulk heterojunction hybrid solar cell composed of antimony sulfi de (Sb 2 S 3 ) nanocrystals and a semiconducting polymer poly-3-hexylthiophene (P3HT).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Solution Processed Polymer–Inorganic Semiconductor Solar Cells Employing Sb₂S₃ as a Light Harvesting and Electron Transporting Material

Bansal

O'Mahony

Lutz

et al. 2013

Advanced Energy Materials

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Hybrid solar cells based upon organic-inorganic semiconductor heterojunctions are currently the subject of signifi cant interest as they incorporate the attractive properties of both organic and inorganic materials, including the ability to tune both the electronic and structural properties over a wide range using solution-based fabrication methods. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] A confi guration of particular promise is the hybrid inorganic nanocrystalpoly mer bulk heterojunction solar cell. A typical device consists of a photoactive layer composed of a blend of inorganic nanoparticles and a semiconducting polymer, which is sandwiched between two charge-collecting electrodes. The operation of such a system is based upon a photoinduced charge separation reaction at the inorganic-organic semiconductor heterojunction, followed by charge carrier transport and collection at the device electrodes. To date, a variety of inorganic semiconductors have been used in solution processed polymer solar cells including metal oxides, sulfi des and selenides. Metal chalcogenide nanocrystals are especially attractive for use in photovoltaic device applications as they offer the potential to extend the light harvesting capability of the device into the near infrared region of the solar spectrum. For example, impressive solar-light to electrical power conversion effi ciencies have been recently reported for photovoltaic devices based upon CdSe:PCPDTBT ( > 3%) [ 5 , 8 ] and CdS:P3HT nanocomposite fi lms (4.1%). [ 6 ] Key challenges to the design of high-performance hybrid solar cells are (i) the development of new fabrication routes for hybrid thin fi lms that enable the achievement of high yields of charge separation whilst maintaining good electrical connectivity between the inorganic nanocrystals in the photoactive layer and (ii) the development of alternative inorganic electron acceptors that exhibit light harvesting properties superior to the typically used cadmium-based materials. To address challenge (i), we have recently reported a new approach to the fabrication of hybrid metal sulfi de-polymer solar cell photoactive layers, which is based upon the in-situ thermal decomposition of a single source metal xanthate precursor in a polymer fi lm. [ 9 ] The use of metal xanthate (or metal o-alkyl dithiocarbonate) precursors for the in-situ growth of metal sulfi de nanocrystals in polymer fi lms is of particular interest due to their high solubility, low decomposition temperature and the volatility of the side products generated upon thermal decomposition. As such, we have implemented this design strategy in the fabrication of CdS:P3HT and CuInS 2 :polymer nanocomposite fi lms and demonstrated effi cient charge photogeneration at the donor-acceptor heterojunction. [9][10][11] Furthermore, the integration of such photoactive layers into solar cell architectures yielded impressive power conversion effi ciencies approaching 3% under AM1.5 simulated solar illumination. [ 11 ] In this paper, we extend our previous work and report on a bulk hete...

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Direct Growth of Metal Sulfide Nanoparticle Networks in Solid‐State Polymer Films for Hybrid Inorganic–Organic Solar Cells

Cited by 129 publications

References 31 publications

A green approach for direct growth of CdS nanoparticles network in poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) polymer film for hybrid photovoltaic

A green approach for direct growth of CdS nanoparticles network in poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) polymer film for hybrid photovoltaic

High performance hybrid solar cells sensitized by organolead halide perovskites

Solution Processed Polymer–Inorganic Semiconductor Solar Cells Employing Sb₂S₃ as a Light Harvesting and Electron Transporting Material

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Direct Growth of Metal Sulfide Nanoparticle Networks in Solid‐State Polymer Films for Hybrid Inorganic–Organic Solar Cells

Cited by 129 publications

References 31 publications

A green approach for direct growth of CdS nanoparticles network in poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) polymer film for hybrid photovoltaic

A green approach for direct growth of CdS nanoparticles network in poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) polymer film for hybrid photovoltaic

High performance hybrid solar cells sensitized by organolead halide perovskites

Solution Processed Polymer–Inorganic Semiconductor Solar Cells Employing Sb2S3 as a Light Harvesting and Electron Transporting Material

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Solution Processed Polymer–Inorganic Semiconductor Solar Cells Employing Sb₂S₃ as a Light Harvesting and Electron Transporting Material