DISEASES OF SHEEP DUE TO INGESTION OF <i>PHALARIS TUBEROSA</i>

“…The highest level of tryptamine-like alkaloids reported in Phalaris aquatica is 3,000 mg/kg of dry plant (Gallagher et al 1966). The mean body weight of sheep used in our investigation was 45 kg .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Experimental evidence that tryptamine alkaloids do not cause Phalaris aquatica sudden death syndrome in sheep

Carrigan

Dixon

1988

Aust Veterinary J

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The acute toxicity for sheep of 3 alkaloids that occur in Phalaris acquatica was examined by intravenous and oral administration. The lowest tested dose rates that produced clinically observed signs were, for 5-methoxy dimethyltryptamine, 0.1 mg/kg body weight intravenously and 40 mg/kg orally; for gramine, 10 mg/kg intravenously and 500 mg/kg orally; and for hordenine, 20 mg/kg intravenously and 800 mg/kg orally. All induced the clinical signs observed in the nervous form of phalaris toxicity, but none induced the cardiac, sudden death, syndrome.

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“…In these experiments verruculogen given intravenously at a dose rate of only 0.005 mg/kg body weight produced moderate trembling, ataxia, and dyspnoea, and doses of 0.017 mg/kg body weight and higher were fatal (3 out of 3 animals). By comparison, Gallagher et al (1966) reported that one of the most potent of the Phalar!s tryptamine alkaloids. S-methoxydimethyl-tryptamine, given intravenously to sheep produced a marked response only at a dose rate of 0.1 mg/kg body weight and above, and was fatal at dose rates of 1.5-2.9 mg/kg body weight.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of fungal tremorgens in ryegrass staggers

Gallagher¹,

Keogh²,

Latch

et al. 1977

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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Administration of the fungal tremorgens penitrem A, verruculogen, fumitremorgin B, and paxilline to sheep produced effects similar to signs of ryegrass staggers (RGS); fungi capable of producing tremorgens were present in the environment where RGS was occurring or had occurred; and spores of these fungi were ingested by sheep grazing the pastures. Of 23 species of Penicillium isolated from toxic pastures, 2 common species produced tremorgens: P. crustosum produced penitrem A and P. piscarium produced either verruculogen or verruculogen and fumitremorgin B. Each of these species was isolated from ryegrass, from soil, and from dung of affected animals. When cultured and fed to sheep they produced effects similar to signs of RGS. No direct evidence of tremorgen production in the natural habitat was obtained, nor were tremorgens detected chemically in ryegrass from toxic pastures. The observations are consistent with, but not conclusive proof of, a causative role for fungal tremorgens in RGS. The possibility of synergism between tremorgens is raised.

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DISEASES OF SHEEP DUE TO INGESTION OF PHALARIS TUBEROSA

Cited by 42 publications

References 5 publications

Tryptamine Levels in Pasturage Implicated in Bovine Pulmonary Emphysema

Tryptamine Levels in Pasturage Implicated in Bovine Pulmonary Emphysema

Experimental evidence that tryptamine alkaloids do not cause Phalaris aquatica sudden death syndrome in sheep

The role of fungal tremorgens in ryegrass staggers

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