Displacement history of a limestone normal fault scarp, northern Israel, from cosmogenic<sup>36</sup>Cl

Mitchell, Sara Gran; Matmon, Ari; Bierman, Paul R.; Enzel, Yehouda; Caffee, M. W.; Rizzo, Donna M.

doi:10.1029/2000jb900373

Cited by 96 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The production rates of 36 Cl by thermal neutron capture were determined with the equations and parameters as provided in Mitchell et al (equation A5 in Mitchell et al, 2001). However, for the depth correction of the thermal production, we used the attenuation length of neutrons of Schaller et al (2002) in the first term of equation A5 in Mitchell et al (2001) and a characteristic length for neutrons in pure calcite of 33 g cm −2 (Liu et al, 1994) using the method of Fabryka-Martin (1988). As the Cl content of the investigated rocks is generally low, the amount of 36 Cl produced from U and Th reaction is less than 4 per cent of the total 36 Cl concentration.…”

Section: Calculation Of Surface Exposure Agesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fluvial bedrock incision in the active mountain belt of Taiwan from in situ‐produced cosmogenic nuclides

Schaller

Hovius

Willett

et al. 2005

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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The concentration of cosmogenic nuclides in rocks exposed at the Earth's surface is proportional to the total duration of their exposure. This is the basis for bedrock surface exposure dating and has been used to constrain valley lowering rates in the Taroko gorge, eastern Central Range, Taiwan. Taroko gorge contains a uniquely complete geomorphic record of fluvial valley lowering: continuous, fluvially sculpted surfaces are present in the lower 200 m of this marble gorge. Assuming no post-fluvial erosion of the gorge wall, the concentration of in situ-produced cosmogenic 36 Cl measured in gorge wall marbles reveals exposure ages from 0·2 ka in the active channel to 6·5 ka at 165 m above the present river. These ages imply an average fluvial incision rate of 26 ± ± ± ± ± 3 mm a − − − − −1 throughout the middle and late Holocene. Taking into account lateral gorge wall retreat after initial thalweg lowering would give rise to calculated older exposure ages. Without considering gorge wall retreat, our estimates therefore represent maximum incision rates. Estimated maximum Holocene incision rates are higher than the long-term exhumation rates derived from fission track dating. The longterm gorge development governed by tectonic uplift is superimposed by short-term variations in incision rates caused by climatic or regional tectonic changes.

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Section: Calculation Of Surface Exposure Agesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The epithermal production has been neglected, following Mitchell et al (2001). For the production parameters of 36 Cl from 40 Ca by spallation, stopped and fast muon capture we used the values of 18·6 ± 0·6 atoms g( CaCO3 )…”

Section: Calculation Of Surface Exposure Agesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluvial bedrock incision in the active mountain belt of Taiwan from in situ‐produced cosmogenic nuclides

Schaller

Hovius

Willett

et al. 2005

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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“…The application of TCNs to neotectonics is a powerful new method for determining paleoseismic histories and slip rates of normal faults due to the increasing precision of TCN measurements and continuous refi nement of TCN production models (e.g., for 36 Cl; cf. Zreda and Noller, 1998;Mitchell et al, 2001;Benedetti et al, 2002Benedetti et al, , 2003Palumbo et al, 2004;Schlagenhauf et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

36Cl exposure dating of paleoearthquakes in the Eastern Mediterranean: First results from the western Anatolian Extensional Province, Manisa fault zone, Turkey

Akçar

Tikhomirov

Özkaymak

et al. 2012

Geological Society of America Bulletin

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Based on historical and instrumental data, societies in the Eastern Mediterranean and MiddleEast have survived at least 150 large earthquakes (generally M > 6) during the past 2500 yr. Beyond this time span, an earthquake chronology is mostly unknown, which hampers the production of reliable long-term earthquake models. Since the only remaining evidence of seismic activity is a bedrock scarp, cosmogenic 36 Cl is the only suitable nuclide to be applied in the determination of the seismic history and slip rate of an active limestone fault plane. In this study, we focus on the 4-m-high Mugırtepe fault scarp within the active Manisa fault zone in western Anatolia, one of the most seismically active and rapidly extending regions in the world. We analyzed 44 samples in two slightly overlapping strips, which in total covered 2.65 m of the fault scarp. In order to determine the timing and the amount of slip of the paleoseismic events, we analyzed the measured 36 Cl concentrations using the Schlagenhauf Matlab ® code. We used two different scenarios based on two different inherited 36 Cl concentrations as constrained by our data and modeling. The best fi t for the fi rst scenario yields two seismic events, one at 13.7 ± 0.8 ka with a displacement of 0.5 ± 0.2 m and one at 7.8 ± 0.5 ka with 2.15 ± 0.35 m offset. For the second scenario, we obtained a single seismic event at 8.6 ± 0.6 ka with 2.65 ± 0.35 m of slip. These results indicate that the visible part of the Mugırtepe exposed fault scarp had achieved most of its displacement already by 8 ka. Initial surface faulting at Mugırtepe occurred not later than around 14 ka, and marked seismic activity continued until around 8 ka. Our fi rst results from the western Anatolian Extensional Province show the ability to reveal periods of enhanced seismic activity beyond historical data using cosmogenic 36 Cl.

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“…In the last decade, bedrock fault scarps have become an attractive 54 complement for paleoseismological studies because the exposure duration of a bedrock fault 55 scarp can be inferred by methods based on the accumulation of cosmogenic nuclides (Zreda 56 and Noller, 1998; Benedetti et al, 2000;Mitchell et al, 2001). Nevertheless, if one want to infer 57 both the age and slip of the last few major earthquakes on the fault using the cosmogenic 58 nuclides technique to a bedrock fault surface, hundreds of samples should be taken 59 continuously on the bedrock fault surface (e.g.…”

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confidence: 99%

Quantitative morphology of bedrock fault surfaces and identification of paleo-earthquakes

Wei

Densmore

2016

Tectonophysics

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Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. the three fault surfaces on the Huoshan piedmont fault, we identify three earthquake events. 27The coseismic vertical displacement of the characteristic earthquake on the Huoshan piedmont 28 fault is estimated to be 3-4 m, the average width of these fault surface bands. Gaps with a width

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Displacement history of a limestone normal fault scarp, northern Israel, from cosmogenic³⁶Cl

Cited by 96 publications

References 41 publications

Fluvial bedrock incision in the active mountain belt of Taiwan from in situ‐produced cosmogenic nuclides

Fluvial bedrock incision in the active mountain belt of Taiwan from in situ‐produced cosmogenic nuclides

36Cl exposure dating of paleoearthquakes in the Eastern Mediterranean: First results from the western Anatolian Extensional Province, Manisa fault zone, Turkey

Quantitative morphology of bedrock fault surfaces and identification of paleo-earthquakes

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Displacement history of a limestone normal fault scarp, northern Israel, from cosmogenic36Cl

Cited by 96 publications

References 41 publications

Fluvial bedrock incision in the active mountain belt of Taiwan from in situ‐produced cosmogenic nuclides

Fluvial bedrock incision in the active mountain belt of Taiwan from in situ‐produced cosmogenic nuclides

36Cl exposure dating of paleoearthquakes in the Eastern Mediterranean: First results from the western Anatolian Extensional Province, Manisa fault zone, Turkey

Quantitative morphology of bedrock fault surfaces and identification of paleo-earthquakes

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Displacement history of a limestone normal fault scarp, northern Israel, from cosmogenic³⁶Cl