Distributed Recharging Rate Control for Energy Demand Management of Electric Vehicles

Abstract

Abstract-In this paper we propose a distributed recharging rate control algorithm which combines the objectives of regulating frequency and improving the utilization of electric generators. An incentive policy κ is created that encourages Electric Vehicles (EVs) to demand energy when non-EV demand is low and the electric generators are underutilized. EVs also act as frequency regulators which can control their participation role by modifying their respective payment rate wi. The proposed distributed recharging rate control algorithm can realize a Demand Management solution for EVs and does not require explicit real time communication from the electric generators or between the recharging sockets. A mechanism is presented that can trade off an ideal incentive policy with its approximation, and enable the integration of the proposed controller with legacy protection system. Simulation is used to assess the algorithm and to highlight its embedded characteristics.

Modeling and Analysis of a DC Electrical System and Controllers for Implementation of a Grid-Interactive Building

“…In [21,22], the V2G control was applied to support frequency control, considering the battery charging demand. The charging-rate control of PEVs was studied to coordinate with PEV agent policies [23]. Sophisticated frequency control schemes for PEVs have been further reported to improve frequency stability, for example, by using fuzzy logic or distributed data acquisition [24,25].…”

Congestion Avoidance for Recharging Electric Vehicles Using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics

“…(3) The condition in (3) implies that at equilibrium the system of fluids will choose a configuration that minimizes the maximum value of pressure subject to 1) containment of fluids within (the container) boundaries and 2) conservation of its volume.…”

“…Especially, if the durations of overloaded periods are short and hence will result in underutilised assets for most of the time. 2) The DSO can install software components in the recharging sockets that will enable the coordination of EVs' recharging activities [2], [3]. In line with the second approach, this paper proposes a novel method to coordinate the recharging of EVs with explicit consideration of the voltage drops and the demand side participation for frequency response.…”

Mathematical modeling of electric vehicles contributions in voltage security of smart distribution networks

“…Accordingly, the management of EV charging and coordination in the network is needed with the aid of the smart distribution network equipped with the bidirectional communication infrastructure between system operator and consumers. 8,9 In this area, there is different research on EV energy management that includes decentralized EV charging coordination methods, [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] centralized EV charging coordination methods, [19][20][21][22][23][24] and their capability for acting as ancillary services. 12,24,25 Based on these studies, charging coordination methods can be categorize into two main groups.…”