Distribution of Rumen Ciliate Protozoa in Cattle, Sheep and Goat and Experimental Transfaunation of Them

Imai, Soichi; Katsuno, Masanori; Ogimoto, Keiji

doi:10.2508/chikusan.49.494

Cited by 26 publications

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“…parvum, E. rectangulatum f. lobosospinosum and E. longinucleatum f. longinucleatum were the most predominant and detected from all the Nepalese goats examined. The ciliate fauna detected in this study was similar to that reported in various areas [2,6,9,16,19,31], only except for Epidinium ecaudatum f. parvicaudatum which has been reported from Bali cattle (Bos javanicus domesticus) [11] and Indian gaur (Bos gaurus) [22]. Although most constituent species of the ciliates from Nepalese goats were cosmopolitan species, some species, such as E. costatum and D. cristagalli were not from the goats in the other regions.…”

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confidence: 89%

“…The value in the Nepalese water buffalo was larger than those of water buffaloes reported from neighbouring areas [15,18,28]. Since ruminants which eat much roughage tend to possess many ciliate species [12,16,17], Nepalese water buffaloes may eat more rouhage than the water buffaloes reported from other regions. The value in the goats examined was similar to those in the other reports [2,16,19].…”

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confidence: 84%

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Rumen Ciliate Faunae of Water Buffalo(Bubalus bubalis) and Goat(Capra hircus) in Nepal.

et al. 2002

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ABSTRACT. Rumen ciliate composition of river-type water buffalo and goat in Nepal was surveyed. As the result of survey, 13 genera representing 52 species and 20 formae of the ciliates were identified. Of them 13 genera with 44 species and 9 formae were found from the water buffalo and 8 genera with 21 species and 12 formae from the goat. The present paper shows the first report of Hsiungella triciliata, Entodinium brevispinum, E. convexum, E. javanicum, E. rectangulatum It is well known that many ciliates inhabit the rumen of various ruminants, and the ciliate faunae are different among the species and/or keeping area of the host animals [25,32]. Since these differences have been considered to be closely related to the phylogeny of these ciliates and their hosts [6,13], the investigations on the rumen ciliate faunae of unexamined ruminants and comparison of the results with already known those seem to offer useful information for more detailed discussion on the phylogenetic relation among the rumen ciliates. The present report deals with the ciliate faunae of water buffalo and goat in Nepal, in which rumen ciliate faunae have never been reported.Rumen contents examined were collected from 3 adult water buffaloes and 10 adult goats slaughtered in Chitwan, Nepal. Additional contents of one young water buffalo were obtained through a rumen catheter. The water buffaloes had been fed on mainly rice straw, wild grass and a little amount of concentrate, while the goats had eaten scraps of vegetable, wild grass, rice straw and twigs of tree. The contents collected were immediately fixed with twice volume of methylgreen formalin saline (MFS) solution [25], sealed up, and brought to the laboratory. Then, the samples were added further 3 times volume of MFS solution and examined under a light-microscope. Identification of species was mainly in accordance with the descriptions published by Ogimoto and Imai [25] and Dogiel [6]. The names of genera under Diplodiniinae were according to those proposed by Imai [13], in which Eremoplastron and Diploplastron are admitted to Eudiplodinium and Metadinium, respectively. A plankton counter glassslide (Rigosha, Tokyo) was used to count the ciliates [25]. The generic composition was shown as the percentage of each genus occupying in the 600 ciliates. Table 1 shows genera, species and their frequency of appearance of the ciliates found from the water buffaloes and goats in Nepal. Those were 13 genera representing 52 species and 20 formae, of which 13 genera representing 44 species with 11 formae from the water buffalo and 8 genera representing 21 species with 14 formae from the goat. Of those ciliates, Charonina ventriculi, Isotricha intestinalis, Parentodinium africanum, Entodinium exiguum, E. simplex, E. convexum, E. rectangulatum forma rectangulatum and Metadinium medium were the most predominant and detected from all the water buffaloes examined.Water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is divided into two, swamp-and river-types, based on skin color, shape of horn and body, and number of c...

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Rumen Ciliate Faunae of Water Buffalo(Bubalus bubalis) and Goat(Capra hircus) in Nepal.

et al. 2002

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“…Nineteen species and 10 morphotypes in 7 genera were detected in Turkish domestic goats living in İzmir, Turkey. These numbers are greater than what has been reported for Indian (DasGupta, 1935) and Japanese (Imai et al, 1978;Ito et al, 1995) goats, but lower than the concentration in domestic goats living in southeastern Turkey . This is the first report of E. rostratum and Ophryoscolex purkynjei m. bifidoquadricinctus from goats.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 63%

“…Rumen ciliate populations have been classified into 4 main groups: A, B, K, and O (Eadie, 1957(Eadie, , 1962Imai et al, 1978Imai et al, , 1979Ogimoto and Imai, 1981;Williams and Coleman, 1992; E. semahatae (Figures 1a and 1b) was first described from sheep living in the vicinity of İzmir, Turkey (Öktem et al, 1997), and it has now been found in goats living in the same area. It was not detected from goats living in southeastern Turkey .…”

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confidence: 99%

Rumen ciliate fauna (Ciliophora, Protista) of Turkish domestic goats living in İzmir, Turkey

Gürellı¹

2014

Turk J Zool

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“…Rumen protozoa, besides contributing nutrients 3 to the host animal, help in digesting carbohydrate and protein containing feedstuff by secretion of various saccharolytic and proteolytic enzymes 4,5 in microbial protein turnover 6 , modulation of bacterial populations [7][8][9] and association with methanogens 8,10 . Numerous species of ciliates occupy the rumen, where they constitute about half of the total microbial biomass 11 .…”

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Analysis of Community Structure and Species Richness of Protozoa-Enriched Rumen Metagenome from Indian Surti by Shotgun Sequencing

et al. 2016

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The present study applies metagenomics to characterize the diversity and relative abundance of protozoa residing in the rumen of Indian Surti buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). To increase protozoa representation in the metagenome, protozoa enrichment was performed by density sedimentation and confirmed by quantitative real time PCR. The highly enriched metagenome sample was subjected to shotgun sequencing by Ion Torrent PGM which resulted in 10,303,375 reads totalling 1.6 gigabases. The taxonomic profile obtained by comparison with SILVA SSU database showed predominance of the class Litostomatea (99.78%) followed by Coccidia (0.10%) and Aconoidasida (0.06%). At the genus level Isotricha (48.06%) followed by Polyplastron (9.90%), Dasytricha (9.87%) and Eudiplodinium (7.47%) were predominant. The taxonomic assignment based on protein coding regions showed discrepancy with the SSU-based assignments, possibly due to the absence of most eukaryotic genomes in public databases. According to the SEED subsystems annotation database, genes for protein metabolism were the most abundant followed by genes for RNA metabolism, regulation and cell signalling. The present study offers a preliminary snapshot of diversity, functional potential and relative abundance of protozoa within the Indian Surti buffalo rumen and also expands our knowledge of these unicellular eukaryotes present in the rumen ecosystem.Keywords: Buffalo rumen, metagenome, protozoa enrichment, quantitative real time PCR, shotgun sequencing.RUMEN, one of the most diverse ecosystems in nature, harbours a complex consortium of interdependent anaerobic prokaryotes, protozoa, fungi, bacteriophages and methanogens. These act synergistically to convert lignocellulosic feeds into volatile fatty acids serving as an energy supplement for host ruminants 1 . Owing to the complexity of rumen ecosystem and the intricate interactions among various microbial groups within the rumen, it is difficult to decipher a precise role for each microorganism. Despite the fact that rumen microbiomes have been studied extensively, a majority of them have focussed on domain bacteria, because of their numerical abundance and metabolic diversity 2 , thus leaving rumen fungi, archaea, bacteriophages and protozoa underexplored.Rumen protozoa, besides contributing nutrients 3 to the host animal, help in digesting carbohydrate and protein containing feedstuff by secretion of various saccharolytic and proteolytic enzymes 4,5 in microbial protein turnover 6 , modulation of bacterial populations 7-9 and association with methanogens 8,10 . Numerous species of ciliates occupy the rumen, where they constitute about half of the total microbial biomass 11 . Although bacterial species play a vital role in digestion, protozoa are reported to digest 25-50% of the total fibre 12 . The polymorphic nature and complexity in cultivation of protozoa, has hampered the assessment of their taxonomy within the rumen ecosystem.Traditionally, microscopy has been the preferred method for identifying and enumerating protozoal ...

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Distribution of Rumen Ciliate Protozoa in Cattle, Sheep and Goat and Experimental Transfaunation of Them

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

Rumen Ciliate Faunae of Water Buffalo(Bubalus bubalis) and Goat(Capra hircus) in Nepal.

Rumen Ciliate Faunae of Water Buffalo(Bubalus bubalis) and Goat(Capra hircus) in Nepal.

Rumen ciliate fauna (Ciliophora, Protista) of Turkish domestic goats living in İzmir, Turkey

Analysis of Community Structure and Species Richness of Protozoa-Enriched Rumen Metagenome from Indian Surti by Shotgun Sequencing

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