Does Vertical Ground Reaction Force of the Hip, Knee, and Ankle Joints Change in Patients with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis after Spinal Fusion?

Yusof, Mohd Imran; Shaharudin, Shazlin; Sivalingarajah, Prema

doi:10.4184/asj.2018.12.2.349

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Furthermore, malalignment of the bones and joints of the lower limbs and the spine of dancers with scoliosis and GJH might distort the direction of forces passing across the joints, and place them at higher risk to suffer PFP [54][55][56]. Any lower limb or spinal deformities may change the normal biomechanics and alter the forces to the knee [57], and that in turn may increase the risk for knee conditions [54,58,59].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dancers with both phenomena had significantly reduced strength ability in the muscles around the knee. Yusof [57] suggested that reduced knee muscle strength in scoliotic subjects may exaggerate the interference of the biomechanics of the knee, as well as restrict the normal movement of the spinal segments and the loads across the knee joints, with increased risk for PFP. Yet, no previous study measured knee strength in scoliotic young dancers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Generalized joint hypermobility, scoliosis, patellofemoral pain, and physical abilities in young dancers

Steinberg

Tenenbaum

Zeev

et al. 2021

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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Background Many young girls with generalized joint hypermobility (GJH) choose to participate in dance because their bodies are suited for this activity. Scoliosis tends to occur often in thin girls, who also are more likely to choose dance. Both anomalies (GJH and scoliosis) may be related to reduced abilities such as diminished strength and insufficient postural balance, with increased risk for musculoskeletal conditions. The main objectives of the present study were to determine the prevalence of dancers with GJH, the prevalence of dancers with scoliosis, and the prevalence of dancers with these two anomalies; and, to determine differences in physical abilities and the presence of patellofemoral pain (PFP) between young female dancers with and without such anomalies. Methods One hundred thirty-two female dancers, aged 12–14 years, were assessed for anthropometric parameters, GJH, scoliosis, knee muscle strength, postural balance, proprioception ability, and PFP. Results GJH was identified in 54 dancers (40.9%) and scoliosis in 38 dancers (28.8%). Significant differences were found in the proportion of dancers with no anomalies (74 dancers, 56.1%) and dancers with both anomalies (34 dancers, 25.8%) (p < .001). Dancers with both anomalies had reduced dynamic postural balance in the anterior direction (p = .023), reduced proprioception ability (p < .001), and weaker knee extensors (p = .036) and flexors (p = .040) compared with dancers with no anomalies. Among dancers with both anomalies, 73.5% suffered bilateral PFP, 17.6% suffered unilateral PFP, and 8.8% had no PFP (p < .001). Conclusions A high prevalence of young girls participating in dance classes had GJH, as the increased joint flexibility probably provides them with some esthetic advantages. The high prevalence of scoliosis found in these young dancers might be attributed to their relatively low body mass, their delayed maturation, and the selection process of dancers. Dancers with both GJH and scoliosis had decreased muscle strength, reduced postural balance, reduced proprioception, with higher risk of PFP. The main clinical implications are the need to reduce the risk of PFP among dancers by developing appropriate strength and stabilizing exercises combined with proprioceptive and postural balance training, to improve the correct alignment of the hyperextended and hypermobile joints, and to improve their supporting muscle strength.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generalized joint hypermobility, scoliosis, patellofemoral pain, and physical abilities in young dancers

Steinberg

Tenenbaum

Zeev

et al. 2021

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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“…Several studies reported that the AIS group demonstrated balance deficits and increased fall risks compared to control subjects [5][6][7]. However, the vertical GRF is directly accompanied with gait asymmetry to mediolateral (M/L) and anteroposterior (A/P) planes when considering Cobb angle changes [8,9]. Several studies reported that AIS accompanies asymmetry between the left and right sides with a curved spine in the M/L plane and inertial asymmetry with uneven M/L distribution of the scoliotic changes [1,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other studies reported that the AIS group adjusted their Cobb angles, which are generally associated with greater asymmetry of GRF magnitudes in walking [9,13]. However, their studies did not carefully consider limb dominance or purposely excluded the frontal (M/L) plane of the GRF due to variations of the data in the AIS group [8,9,14]. Therefore, the results of these studies were limited since the convexities of the compensatory curves among the participants were varied and, more importantly, did not carefully consider homogeneous characteristics with the 3D GRF during gait.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compensatory Ground Reaction Forces during Scoliotic Gait in Subjects with and without Right Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Sung

Park

2021

Symmetry

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Although the asymmetries of scoliotic gait in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) groups have been extensively studied, recent studies indicated conflicting results regarding the ground reaction forces (GRFs) during gait in subjects with spinal deformity. The asymmetry during the stance phase might be clarified with three-dimensional (3D) compensations of GRFs between similar characteristics of subjects with and without AIS. The purpose of this study was to compare the normalized 3D GRF differences during the stance phase of gait while considering age, BMI, and Cobb angle between subjects with and without right AIS. There were 23 subjects with right convexity of thoracic idiopathic scoliosis and 22 age- and gender-matched control subjects. All subjects were right upper/lower limb dominant, and the outcome measures included the Cobb angles, normalized GRF, and KAI. The mediolateral (M/L) third peak force on the dominant limb decreased in the AIS group (t = 2.58, p = 0.01). Both groups demonstrated a significant interaction with the 3D indices (F = 5.41, p = 0.02). The post-hoc analysis identified that the M/L plane of asymmetry was significantly different between groups. The Cobb angles were negatively correlated with the vertical asymmetry index (r = −0.45, p = 0.03); however, there was no significant correlation with age (r = −0.10, p = 0.65) or body mass index (r = −0.28, p = 0.20). The AIS group demonstrated decreased GRF in the dominant limb M/L plane of the terminal stance phase. This compensatory motion was confirmed by a significant group difference on the M/L plane of the KAI. This KAI of vertical asymmetry correlated negatively with the Cobb angle. The asymmetric load transmission with compensatory vertical reactions was evident due to abnormal loading in the stance phase. These kinetic compensatory patterns need to be considered with asymmetry on the dominant limb when developing rehabilitation strategies for patients with AIS.

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“…The measurement of the ground reaction forces (GRFs) is used in a wide range of human movement studies, for instance, to investigate the internal forces in rehabilitation [1] or sports coaching [2,3], but importantly also to monitor the progression of musculoskeletal pathologies and neuromotor disorders [4,5]. When combined with spatiotemporal and kinematics parameters, GRFs allow the loading conditions acting on internal skeletal structures to be calculated [6], muscle activity to be assessed [7], and joint contact forces to be determined [8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technologies and Sensor Design for the Measurement of Ground Reaction Forces in Mice: A Review

Limam¹,

Vogl²,

Taylor³

2021

Biomechanics

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To better understand the pathophysiology and functional outcomes of musculoskeletal and neuromotor pathologies, research is often conducted in mice models. As a key component of such research, metrics of movement, loading, symmetry, and stability all have to be assessed, ideally requiring the measurement of 3D ground reaction forces, which can be difficult. While the measurement of ground reaction forces (GRF) is well developed for humans, appropriate devices for mice remain rare or inadequate. Such devices need to combine high sensitivity with small dimensions, especially when the forces for each individual paw should be measured. As preparation for building such a device that can measure 3D GRF per paw in mice in an upcoming study, this systematic review of the literature identified 122 articles and 49 devices that measured the ground reaction forces for mice and other small animals. Based on a variety of criteria, such as sensitivity and resonance frequency, the miniaturisation of each device and/or its capability to measure the three components of the ground reaction forces in individual paws were judged. The devices were consequently classified; eight devices were classified as “can be adapted”, nine as “hard to be adapted”, and 24 as “cannot be adapted”.

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Does Vertical Ground Reaction Force of the Hip, Knee, and Ankle Joints Change in Patients with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis after Spinal Fusion?

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Generalized joint hypermobility, scoliosis, patellofemoral pain, and physical abilities in young dancers

Generalized joint hypermobility, scoliosis, patellofemoral pain, and physical abilities in young dancers

Compensatory Ground Reaction Forces during Scoliotic Gait in Subjects with and without Right Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Technologies and Sensor Design for the Measurement of Ground Reaction Forces in Mice: A Review

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