Drug Effects on Behavior in Aged Animals and Man: Diphenylhydantoin and Procainamide

Gordon, Paul; Tobin, Sheldon S.; Doty, Barbara A.; Nash, Michael

doi:10.1093/geronj/23.4.434

Cited by 18 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Digit span is a measure of concentration and short-term memory and in the current study did not improve on removal of PHT, CBZ, or VPA. This is consistent with results of most previous studies (Gordon et al, 1968; Goldberg and Kurland, 1970;Leder, 1970; Smith and Lowery, 1975;Dodrill and Troupin, 1977; Sommerbeck et al, 1977; Loiseau et al, 1983). Tchicaloff and Gaillard (1970) however, reported impairment after PHT administration, and performance has been noted to be worse at higher rather than lower AED concentrations (Dekaban and Lehman, 1975; Matthews and Harley, 1975).…”

supporting

confidence: 91%

Effects of Removal of Phenytoin, Carbamazepine, and Valproate on Cognitive Function

1990

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Changes in cognitive function were noted in a double-blind, prospective, placebo-controlled study of discontinuation of phenytoin (PHT), carbamazepine (CBZ), and valproate (VPA) in 58 patients with active epilepsy, receiving multiple antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). A control group of 25 patients continued with existing therapy. A simple test battery, which would be directly applicable to a clinical setting, with measures of mental speed, attention, performance of a learned skill, short-term memory, concentration, and simple coordinated hand movements was used. Cognitive assessments were made before and at the end of discontinuation of a drug and 4 weeks later. Simple motor skills became faster on discontinuation of PHT, CBZ, and VPA (p less than 0.0005), with a further improvement in the subsequent 4 weeks (p = 0.03) and no significant difference between the AEDs. Performance on a measure of attention and concentration improved on discontinuation of PHT (p = 0.005) and did not alter with removal of CBZ or VPA; the improvement in the PHT discontinuation group was significantly different from that in the control group (p = 0.001). These results suggest that all three AEDs studied may adversely affect motor function and that PHT may be more deleterious to function in higher cognitive tasks than in CBZ or VPA.

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supporting

confidence: 91%

Effects of Removal of Phenytoin, Carbamazepine, and Valproate on Cognitive Function

1990

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“…11) magnesium pemoline [43], 5,5-diphenylhydantoin [44], procaine amide [44], triacyanoaminopropene [43], yeast-RNA [43] ribaminol [43] and certain inosine-alkylamino alcohol complexes [45]. Biochemically most of these compounds have been claimed to act on the neural protein-synthesizing machinery which supposedly plays a key role in memory storage and re call [43].…”

Section: Learning Enhancing Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Interference with Aging

Kormendy

Bender

1971

Gerontology

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The studies reviewed here reflect only a modest and conceptually limited beginning in gerontological pharmacology. Germane to the future course of research is whether prolongation of either mean or maximum life-span brings about a true deceleration of the overall aging process or only in certain biological functions. Prolongevity with out efficacy, that is without the addition of useful years, is merely an academic exercise. Hence, we suggest that agents which prolong life-span should also be tested in the laboratory for their ability to modify those functional parameters which are known to change significantly with age. To list a few, these might include measuring rates of de novo protein (enzyme) synthesis, properties of collagen, and antigen-antibody response. Furthermore, we believe that a scientific attack on specific age-associated decrements in mental and physical function could serve an immensely useful and practical purpose.

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“…McLaughlin et al [1975] reported that in a step-through, one way avoidance task 16-month-old rats showed inferior acquisition relative to 4-month-old rats, whereas retention evaluated 1 day or 29 days later was comparable for the two age groups. Gordon et al [1968] noted that 20-to 24-month-old rats had lon ger latencies in a jump-up avoidance task than 2-to 3-or 10-to 16-month-old rats.…”

Section: Doty and Colleaguesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Avoidance Acquisition in Adult and Senescent Rats

et al. 1986

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Male rats aged 6, 19, or 33 months were trained successively in one- and two-way avoidance tasks. The one-way avoidance test consisted of up to 30 trials given in a single session with the conditional stimulus (CS; 14-kHz tone) presented for either 3 s or for 10 s in separate groups. Senescent rats performed poorest, middle-aged rats intermediately, and young adult rats best. Failure of the longer CS to yield better acquisition than the short CS in the senescent group suggested that the age-related deficit probably did not result from slower responding. In subsequent shuttle box training there was no appreciable age difference in achieving the learning criterion. A compound visual-auditory CS was used, and in further evaluation of well-trained rats it was found that the auditory component was much more effective than the visual component in eliciting avoidance. However, this differential effect of the two stimuli was much weaker in the senescent group than in the young adult group. Nonetheless, these same senescent and adult rats readily learned to make avoidance responses using only the auditory CS, demonstrating that this was an effective stimulus for all age groups.

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Drug Effects on Behavior in Aged Animals and Man: Diphenylhydantoin and Procainamide

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of Removal of Phenytoin, Carbamazepine, and Valproate on Cognitive Function

Effects of Removal of Phenytoin, Carbamazepine, and Valproate on Cognitive Function

Chemical Interference with Aging

Avoidance Acquisition in Adult and Senescent Rats

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