Dysregulated Iron Metabolism-Associated Dietary Pattern Predicts an Altered Body Composition and Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract

Diet plays an important role in the development of obesity and may contribute to dysregulated iron metabolism (DIM). A cross-sectional survey of 208 adults was conducted in Taipei Medical University Hospital (Taipei, Taiwan). A reduced-rank regression from 31 food groups was used for a dietary pattern analysis. DIM was defined as at least four of the following criteria: serum hepcidin (men >200 ng/mL and women >140 ng/mL), hyperferritinemia (serum ferritin of >300 ng/mL in men and >200 ng/mL in women), central obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and two or more abnormal metabolic profiles. Compared to non-DIM patients, DIM patients were associated with an altered body composition and had a 4.52-fold (95% confidence interval (CI): (1.95–10.49); p < 0.001) greater risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) after adjusting for covariates. A DIM-associated dietary pattern (high intake of deep-fried food, processed meats, chicken, pork, eating out, coffee, and animal fat/skin but low intake of steamed/boiled/raw foods and dairy products) independently predicted central obesity (odds ratio (OR): 1.57; 95% CI: 1.05–2.34; p < 0.05) and MetS (OR: 1.89; 95% CI: 1.07–3.35; p < 0.05). Individuals with the highest DIM pattern scores (tertile 3) had a higher visceral fat mass (%) (β = 0.232; 95% CI: 0.011–0.453; p < 0.05) but lower skeletal muscle mass (%) (β = −1.208; 95% CI: −2.177–−0.239; p < 0.05) compared to those with the lowest DIM pattern scores (tertile 1). In conclusion, a high score for the identified DIM-associated dietary pattern was associated with an unhealthier body composition and a higher risk of MetS.

Reduced Rank Regression-Derived Dietary Patterns Related to the Fatty Liver Index and Associations with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among Ghanaian Populations under Transition: The RODAM Study

“…This pattern is associated with higher odds of T2DM and shares similar features with the RRR-derived DPs in the present analysis, being characterized by high consumption of starchy foods and low intake of fruits and vegetables [16]. The combination of condiments, margarine and higher glycemic index foods such potatoes may contribute to the observed associations with T2DM [42,43]. These foods characterize modernized diets, which are known to confer an unhealthy body composition and increased risk of T2DM [44].…”

Association between central obesity indices and iron status indicators among Qatari adults

“…Recent studies have elucidated the relationship between fat distribution and iron status indicators [ 23 , 45 , 49 – 52 ]. Results of this study indicated a statistically significant increase (p < 0.05) in ferritin with an increase in android to gynoid fat ration for both sexes.…”

“…In contrast to our findings, Cempaka et al showed a weak correlation between VS and ferritin. This association disappeared after adjusting for age, gender and BMI [ 52 ].…”

Healthy Taiwanese Eating Approach (TEA) toward Total Wellbeing and Healthy Longevity

“…No matter what similarities or differences are discovered, they may provide insight into components of diet that work toward better or worse health. In this endeavor, we reviewed data mining-related literature [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] pertaining to Taiwanese dietary patterns and multiple health or disease outcomes and also described the recent Taiwanese dietary content using data collected in the Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan from 2017 to 2020 in order to shed light on healthy eating patterns and options in Asians.…”