Early Cretaceous vegetation and climate change at high latitude: Palynological evidence from Isachsen Formation, Arctic Canada

Galloway, Jennifer M.; Tullius, Dylan N.; Evenchick, C A; Swindles, Graeme T.; Hadlari, Thomas; Embry, Ashton F.

doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2015.04.002

Cited by 36 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…The modern forms of Pinaceae found in this study occur in temperate regions and in mountainous areas of tropical regions today [ Vidakovic , ]. They represent early pioneer trees often growing in disturbed habitats; hence, if their habit is assumed to have been the same in the past, the actively uplifting wGC would have provided ideal conditions for them to flourish [ Galloway et al ., ]. There are also sporadic records of Abiespollenites spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The formation and inversion of the western Greater Caucasus Basin and the uplift of the western Greater Caucasus: Implications for the wider Black Sea region

Vincent¹,

Braham

Lavrishchev³

et al. 2016

Tectonics

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The western Greater Caucasus formed by the tectonic inversion of the western strand of the Greater Caucasus Basin, a Mesozoic rift that opened at the southern margin of Laurasia. Subsidence analysis indicates that the main phase of rifting occurred during the Aalenian to Bajocian synchronous with that in the eastern Alborz and, possibly, the South Caspian Basin. Secondary episodes of subsidence during the late Tithonian to Berriasian and Hauterivian to early Aptian are tentatively linked to initial rifting within the western, and possibly eastern, Black Sea and during the late Campanian to Danian to the opening of the eastern Black Sea. Initial uplift, subaerial exposure, and sediment derivation from the western Greater Caucasus occurred at the Eocene‐Oligocene transition. Oligocene and younger sediments on the southern margin of the former basin were derived from the inverting basin and uplifted parts of its northern margin, indicating that the western Greater Caucasus Basin had closed by this time. A predominance of pollen representing a montane forest environment (dominated by Pinacean pollen) within these sediments suggests that the uplifting Caucasian hinterland had a paleoaltitude of around 2 km from early Oligocene time. The closure of the western Greater Caucasus Basin and significant uplift of the range at approximately 34 Ma is earlier than stated in many studies and needs to be incorporated into geodynamic models for the Arabia‐Eurasia region.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The formation and inversion of the western Greater Caucasus Basin and the uplift of the western Greater Caucasus: Implications for the wider Black Sea region

Vincent¹,

Braham

Lavrishchev³

et al. 2016

Tectonics

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“…The litho- and sequence stratigraphic history of the Sverdrup Basin is well characterized (Embry & Beauchamp, 2008 and references therein); however, the absolute calibration of stratigraphic events within the basin is limited by relatively few high-precision geochronological studies (Tarduno et al 1998; Villeneuve & Williamson, 2006; Estrada & Henjes-Kunst, 2013; Evenchick et al 2015; Herrle et al 2015). The stratigraphic framework of Jurassic and Cretaceous strata of the Sverdrup Basin is based primarily on ammonites and Buchia assemblages and supplemented by other fossil groups preserved mainly in marine strata (Jeletzky, 1970; Wall, 1983; Galloway et al 2013, 2015; Pugh et al 2014; Schröder-Adams et al 2014). However, due to problems associated with long-ranging taxa and provincialism of some fossil groups, absolute age calibration will improve our understanding of high-latitude Mesozoic chronostratigraphy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

U–Pb geochronology of bentonites from the Upper Cretaceous Kanguk Formation, Sverdrup Basin, Arctic Canada: constraints on sedimentation rates, biostratigraphic correlations and the late magmatic history of the High Arctic Large Igneous Province

et al. 2016

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U–Pb ages of zircon from bentonites within the upper Cretaceous Bastion Ridge and Kanguk formations, Sverdrup Basin, provide constraints on sedimentation rates, biostratigraphic correlations, timing of Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE2) in the High Arctic, and the late magmatic history of the High Arctic Large Igneous Province (HALIP). A late Cenomanian to early Turonian age for the base of the Kanguk Formation is confirmed that supports correlations of the global OAE2 in the High Arctic. Sedimentation rates varied from 19 m Ma−1 between 93 and 91 Ma to 26 m Ma−1 between 91 and 83 Ma at Axel Heiberg Island. At Ellef Ringnes Island, the lower Kanguk Formation records high rates of ~70 m Ma−1 between 94 and 93 Ma, which decrease to rates comparable to those of the upper Axel Heiberg section. Differences in sedimentation rates may reflect differences in setting prior to the major transgression in the latest Cenomanian to early Turonian. The timing of Arctic occurrences of the Scaphites nigricollensis and Scaphites depressus ammonite zones is shown to be broadly comparable to that of lower-latitude occurrences within the Western Interior Seaway. An eruption frequency of 0.5–2.5 Ma characterizes the late alkaline phase of HALIP magmatism. Volcanic bed thicknesses of 10–50 cm suggest ash transport distances of less than 1000 km. Long-lived volcanic centres, in the area of the Alpha Ridge, northern Ellesmere Island or northern Greenland, were the likely source of volcanic ash over a period of 10–15 Ma.

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“…In the southwestern Ordos Basin, the flora of the middle Zhidan Group was dominated by conifers ascribed to Pinaceae, Podocarpaceae, and other ancient conifer types, accompanied by moderate levels of Cheirolepidiaceae and small amounts of ferns. The high conifer component of this vegetation type is similar to floras from the high‐latitude areas, such as the Damoguaihe Formation from the Hailaer Basin, northern China, from theTamutsag Basin, Mongolia (Wan, 2006; Wang, Wan, & Sun, 2014) or from the Isachsen Formation, Arctic Canada (Galloway et al, 2015). Therefore, this vegetation type likely indicated a relatively cold climate during the middle Early Cretaceous in the Ordos Basin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Therefore, this vegetation type likely indicated a relatively cold climate during the middle Early Cretaceous in the Ordos Basin. However, a major difference is the lower fern diversity from the Ordos Basin assemblage compared to those high‐latitude areas (Galloway et al, 2015; Wan, 2006; Wang et al, 2014). This might be caused by a relatively dry climate, which is indicated by abundant aeolian deposits in the Zhidan Group (Jiang et al, 2004; Jiang & Pan, 2005; Li et al, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conifer‐dominant palynoflora from the Lower Cretaceous in Ordos Basin, China: Biostratigraphical and palaeoclimatic implications

et al. 2020

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Open oceanic and coastal marine sedimentary rocks provide abundant valuable records of Cretaceous greenhouse climates, but limited information is available regarding the Cretaceous continental climate regimes. This study presents a palynological report from the middle Zhidan Group based on the ZK1046 drillcore in the southwestern Ordos Basin of central China. A total of 52 types of palynomorphs including 15 genera of spores (20 species) and 24 genera of gymnosperm pollen (34 species) were recognized in the palynological assemblages. Upwards from the base, the palynomorph assemblages in the ZK1046 drill core were not very diverse. They were dominated by bisaccates and proto‐saccate pollen (around 80%), followed by some fern spores and a low content of Classopollis (below 10%). The overall characteristics of the palynomorph assemblages and some biostratigraphically significant palynomorph genera, such as Ephedripites, Jugella, and Rugubivesiculites, suggest that the middle Zhidan Group dates from the middle Early Cretaceous (probably Hauterivian). Vegetation reconstruction points to conifer‐dominated forests with subordinate pteridophyte, Taxodiaceae, and a few Cheirolepidiaceae plants, indicating a relatively stable, cold, and slightly humid environment. This climatic condition was a likely response to the relatively cool global climate during the middle Early Cretaceous.

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Early Cretaceous vegetation and climate change at high latitude: Palynological evidence from Isachsen Formation, Arctic Canada

Cited by 36 publications

References 81 publications

The formation and inversion of the western Greater Caucasus Basin and the uplift of the western Greater Caucasus: Implications for the wider Black Sea region

The formation and inversion of the western Greater Caucasus Basin and the uplift of the western Greater Caucasus: Implications for the wider Black Sea region

U–Pb geochronology of bentonites from the Upper Cretaceous Kanguk Formation, Sverdrup Basin, Arctic Canada: constraints on sedimentation rates, biostratigraphic correlations and the late magmatic history of the High Arctic Large Igneous Province

Conifer‐dominant palynoflora from the Lower Cretaceous in Ordos Basin, China: Biostratigraphical and palaeoclimatic implications

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