Ecology and evolution of sex in aphids

Simon, Jean‐Christophe; Rispe, Claude; Sunnucks, Paul

doi:10.1016/s0169-5347(01)02331-x

Cited by 329 publications

(347 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Information on the diapause ability and ecological tolerance of eggs produced by females from these two families is not readily available (ie Forneck et al, 2001;Granett et al, 2001;Salom et al, 2001). Still, compared to their viviparous relatives, it is less likely that developmental constraints restrict the evolution of a coldresistant parthenogenetic egg (Rispe and Pierre, 1998;Simon et al, 2002). Possible overwintering asexually produced eggs have been observed on the stems of grapevines in a leaf feeding population of grape phylloxera in Arizona (Kimberling and Price, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many other life cycle variants have been described in members of the closely related Aphididae family, including the shift of cyclic parthenogenesis to functional/obligate parthenogenetic reproduction (Delmotte et al, 2001;Simon et al, 2002). Codominant molecular markers, such as microsatellites and allozymes, are extensively used to elucidate such modes of reproduction in this family (Sunnucks et al, 1996;Fuller et al, 1999;Wilson et al, 1999Wilson et al, , 2002Haack et al, 2000;Delmotte et al, 2001Delmotte et al, , 2002.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The coexistence of parthenogenetic and cyclic parthenogenetic reproductive modes means aphids are proving to be a useful system to study the evolution and maintenance of sexual and asexual reproduction . Much evidence indicates that the major advantage to sex in aphids, at least in the short term, is ecological; the sexually produced eggs have the ability to withstand cold winter conditions, whereas overwintering parthenogenetic instars are susceptible to cold conditions (reviewed in Simon et al, 2002). Sexual reproduction is therefore predicated to be the major life cycle strategy in cooler climates with obligate parthenogenetic lineages more common in warmer climates (Rispe and Pierre, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fine-scale genetic structure of grape phylloxera from the roots and leaves of Vitis

Corrie

Hoffmann

2003

Heredity

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Patterns of variation at microsatellite loci suggest that root populations of the pest grape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae) are largely parthenogenetic in Australian vineyards. To investigate reproduction in leaf galling phylloxera and the association between these individuals and phylloxera on roots, we examined in detail genetic variation in phylloxera from a vineyard block. Some genotypes found on leaf galls within this block were not present on roots, whereas others spanned both zones. There was no evidence that genotypes on roots were the product of sexual reproduction in leaf galls. mtDNA variation was not associated with the location of the phylloxera clones. The spatial distribution of genotypes within a root population was further investigated by intensively sampling phylloxera from another vineyard block. Joincount spatial autocorrelation statistics were used to explore fine-scale spatial structure. Clones were nonrandomly distributed within the block and there was evidence that the distribution of clones followed rows. These findings suggest firstly that there is limited dispersal of root and leaf feeding phylloxera, and secondly that factors, other than vine host, are likely to be important and contribute to clonal structure within populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fine-scale genetic structure of grape phylloxera from the roots and leaves of Vitis

Corrie

Hoffmann

2003

Heredity

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“…This aphid has a range of lifecycle types, all of which reproduce parthenogenetically for most of the year, but which may or may not have an annual sexual phase (Dixon, 1998). These lifecycles comprise cyclical parthenogens (holocyclic, which are facultative asexuals with an annual sexual phase), obligate parthenogens (anholocyclic, which never recombine) and lineages for which only some of the autumnal offspring contribute to the sexual phase, that is, androcyclic forms that can produce a few males and intermediate forms that produce a few male and female sexuals (see Delmotte et al, 2001;Simon et al, 2002 for further details). Survival rates of the different types are related to the severity of the winter, since sexuals produce cold-hardy eggs, whereas lifecycle types without this facility overwinter as live individuals, which are more susceptible to low temperature mortality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for gene flow and local clonal selection in field populations of the grain aphid (Sitobion avenae) in Britain revealed using microsatellites

et al. 2004

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Samples of the grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (F.), a major European pest of cereals, were collected in June and July 1997 from fields sown with winter wheat in a rough transect south-west of Rothamsted, UK. These aphids were genotyped at four microsatellite loci known from previous studies to be highly polymorphic. Allelic frequencies were similar between samples collected in the fields and in the 12.2 m high suction trap at Rothamsted, and there were many widespread genotypes (clones), providing evidence that the species is highly migratory. However, field samples were found to display a high level of genotypic heterogeneity ( ¼ variable clonal composition), most probably the result of clonal selection. The suction trap genotypes sample were slightly different from the field samples, indicative of the inclusion of genotypes from plant hosts (cereals and grasses, Poaceae) other than winter wheat and/or genotype-biased emigration from the field. The relevance of these data to modelling of aphid outbreaks is briefly discussed.

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“…Rare automixis (spontaneous development of unfertilized eggs) occurs in many species [1,81]. If this becomes more common, forms of automixis maintaining heterozygosity in centromere regions might be selectively favoured and recombination suppressed, eventually leading to meiosis-derived asexuality with the same genetic consequences as mitosis [87][88][89][90][91]. Indeed, in Arabidopsis, meiosis can be transformed to genetically resemble mitosis, but modification of several genes is needed to achieve this [92][93][94].…”

Section: (C) Meiosis Modifications and Loss Of Sexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary mysteries in meiosis

Lenormand

Engelstädter

Johnston

et al. 2016

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

135

133

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One contribution of 15 to a theme issue 'Weird sex: the underappreciated diversity of sexual reproduction'. Meiosis is a key event of sexual life cycles in eukaryotes. Its mechanistic details have been uncovered in several model organisms, and most of its essential features have received various and often contradictory evolutionary interpretations. In this perspective, we present an overview of these often 'weird' features. We discuss the origin of meiosis (origin of ploidy reduction and recombination, two-step meiosis), its secondary modifications (in polyploids or asexuals, inverted meiosis), its importance in punctuating life cycles (meiotic arrests, epigenetic resetting, meiotic asymmetry, meiotic fairness) and features associated with recombination (disjunction constraints, heterochiasmy, crossover interference and hotspots). We present the various evolutionary scenarios and selective pressures that have been proposed to account for these features, and we highlight that their evolutionary significance often remains largely mysterious. Resolving these mysteries will likely provide decisive steps towards understanding why sex and recombination are found in the majority of eukaryotes.This article is part of the themed issue 'Weird sex: the underappreciated diversity of sexual reproduction'.

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Ecology and evolution of sex in aphids

Cited by 329 publications

References 41 publications

Fine-scale genetic structure of grape phylloxera from the roots and leaves of Vitis

Fine-scale genetic structure of grape phylloxera from the roots and leaves of Vitis

Evidence for gene flow and local clonal selection in field populations of the grain aphid (Sitobion avenae) in Britain revealed using microsatellites

Evolutionary mysteries in meiosis

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