Ecotoxicological investigation of the effect of accumulation of PAH and possible impact of dispersant in resting high arctic copepod Calanus hyperboreus

Nørregaard, Rasmus Dyrmose; Gustavson, Kim; Møller, Eva Friis; Strand, Jakob; Tairova, Zhanna; Mosbech, Anders

doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.07.006

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Calanus spp. rapidly accumulate PAHs in their lipid reserves, even in the absence of food, and can reach a steady state within a few days. , Without depletion through fecal pellet or egg production, C. glacialis would have maintained high internal concentrations throughout the exposure period. Although seawater contains bacteria capable of degrading PAHs, including pyrene, low temperatures slow degradation rates; therefore, bacterial degradation was assumed to play a minor role in the availability of pyrene.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Crude oil toxicity is related to the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) known to cause carcinogenic, genotoxic, and mutagenic effects in marine organisms. − PAHs associate with suspended material and accumulate in lipid-rich tissues . Several studies confirm bioaccumulation of PAHs in Calanus spp., − and lethal tolerance concentrations are established for some crude oil types , and oil components . Sublethal effects include reduced feeding, egg production, − hatching success, and naupliar development .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Pyrene Exposure during Overwintering of the Arctic Copepod Calanus glacialis

Toxværd

Dinh²,

Henriksen³

et al. 2018

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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While ongoing warming and sea ice decline threaten unique Arctic ecosystems, they improve the prospect of exploiting fossil fuels in the seafloor. Arctic Calanus copepods can accumulate oil compounds in the large lipid reserves that enable them to cope with highly seasonal food availability characteristic of the Arctic. While spending a significant part of their lives overwintering at depth, their vulnerability to oil contamination during winter remains unknown. We investigated effects of the hazardous crude oil component pyrene on overwintering Calanus glacialis, a key species in Arctic shelf areas. Females were exposed from December to March and then transferred to clean water and fed until April. We showed that long-term exposure during overwintering reduced survival and lipid mobilization in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations previously considered sublethal. After exposure, strong delayed effects were observed in lipid recovery, fecal pellet, and egg production. We showed that 50% lethal threshold concentrations were at least 300 times lower than expected, and that 50% effect thresholds for pellet and egg production were at least 10 times lower than previously documented. Our study provides novel insights to the effects of oil contamination during winter, which is essential to evaluate ecological impacts of Arctic oil pollution.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Pyrene Exposure during Overwintering of the Arctic Copepod Calanus glacialis

Toxværd

Dinh²,

Henriksen³

et al. 2018

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Species groups such as phytoplankton and zooplankton typically constitute the base of the food web. Experimental exposure studies indicate that lipid rich species such as Calanus may potentially bioaccumulate oil compounds (Nørregaard et al 2015, Agersted 2018. However, little is known how these groups are affected by oil exposure in the long term, or if such effects propagate through the food chain.…”

Section: Future Species Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal ecology in ice-covered Arctic seas - Considerations for spill response decision making

Aune

Aniceto

Biuw

et al. 2018

Marine Environmental Research

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Due to retreating sea ice and predictions of undiscovered oil and gas resources, increased activity in Arctic shelf sea areas associated with shipping and oil and gas exploration is expected. Such activities may accidentally lead to oil spills in partly ice-covered ocean areas, which raises issues related to oil spill response. Net Environmental Benefit Analysis (NEBA) is the process that the response community uses to identify which combination of response strategies minimises the impact to environment and people. The vulnerability of Valued Ecosystem Components (VEC's) to oil pollution depends on their sensitivity to oil and the likelihood that they will be exposed to oil. As such, NEBA requires a good ecological knowledge base on biodiversity, species' distributions in time and space, and timing of ecological events. Biological resources found at interfaces (e.g., air/water, ice/water or water/coastline) are in general vulnerable because that is where oil can accumulate. Here, we summarize recent information about the seasonal, physical and ecological processes in Arctic waters and evaluate the importance these processes when considering in oil spill response decision making through NEBA. In spring-time, many boreal species conduct a lateral migration northwards in response to sea ice retraction and increased production associated with the spring bloom. However, many Arctic species, including fish, seabirds and marine mammals, are present in upper water layers in the Arctic throughout the year, and recent research has demonstrated that bioactivity during the Arctic winter is higher than previously assumed. Information on the seasonal presence/absence of less resilient VEC's such as marine mammals and sea birds in combination with the presence/absence of sea ice seems to be especially crucial to consider in a NEBA. In addition, quantification of the potential impact of different, realistic spill sizes on the energy cascade following the spring bloom at the ice-edge would provide important information for assessing ecosystem effects.

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“…In situ burning, where an oil slick is ignited and burnt in a controlled manner, is considered to be a response method with high potential of oil removal in Arctic conditions [22]. The use of dispersing chemicals is aimed at increasing the natural potential for oil removal from the sea surface by dispersing the oil in the water column [23]. This oil spill response method was the main method used during the Deepwater Horizon blow-out accident aboard an oil-drilling platform in the Gulf of Mexico [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The EU Horizon 2020 project GRACE: integrated oil spill response actions and environmental effects

et al. 2019

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This article introduces the EU Horizon 2020 research project GRACE (Integrated oil spill response actions and environmental effects), which focuses on a holistic approach towards investigating and understanding the hazardous impact of oil spills and the environmental impacts and benefits of a suite of marine oil spill response technologies in the cold climate and ice-infested areas of the North Atlantic and the Baltic Sea. The response methods considered include mechanical collection in water and below ice, in situ burning, use of chemical dispersants, natural biodegradation, and combinations of these. The impacts of naturally and chemically dispersed oil, residues resulting from in situ burning, and non-collected oil on fish, invertebrates (e.g. mussels, crustaceans) and macro-algae are assessed by using highly sensitive biomarker methods, and specific methods for the rapid detection of the effects of oil pollution on biota are developed. By observing, monitoring and predicting oil movements in the sea through the use of novel online sensors on vessels, fixed platforms including gliders and the so-called SmartBuoys together with real-time data transfer into operational systems that help to improve the information on the location of the oil spill, situational awareness of oil spill response can be improved. Methods and findings of the project are integrated into a strategic net environmental benefit analysis tool (environment and oil spill response, EOS) for oil spill response strategy decision making in cold climates and ice-infested areas.

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Ecotoxicological investigation of the effect of accumulation of PAH and possible impact of dispersant in resting high arctic copepod Calanus hyperboreus

Cited by 18 publications

References 51 publications

Impact of Pyrene Exposure during Overwintering of the Arctic Copepod Calanus glacialis

Impact of Pyrene Exposure during Overwintering of the Arctic Copepod Calanus glacialis

Seasonal ecology in ice-covered Arctic seas - Considerations for spill response decision making

The EU Horizon 2020 project GRACE: integrated oil spill response actions and environmental effects

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