Effect of dietary tryptophan to lysine ratio on growth of young pigs fed wheat–barley or corn based diets

Naatjes, Maike; Htoo, J. K.; Walter, Klaus; Tölle, K.-H.; Susenbeth, A.

doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2014.02.004

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…(2019) Duroc sire line and Large White × Landrace dam 21 0.80% Improved lipid and glucose metabolism Goodarzi et al. (2021) Pietrain × dbNaima/Porcus 34 Trp:Lys ratio (16.8%) Improved feed to gain ratio Naatjes et al. (2014) Duroc × Landrace 21 0.16% Trp + 0.41% Phe + 0.22% Tyr Promoted the amino acid absorption Duanmu et al.…”

Section: Trp Nutrition In Swine Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal tryptophan metabolism in disease prevention and swine production

Hu,

Feng,

Jiang

et al. 2023

Animal Nutrition

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Section: Trp Nutrition In Swine Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal tryptophan metabolism in disease prevention and swine production

Hu,

Feng,

Jiang

et al. 2023

Animal Nutrition

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“…Tryptophan, one of the functional amino acids, has been reported to improve the growth, decrease stress-induced injury, improve appetite and mitochondrial function, enhance antioxidant status, increase immunity, enhance the diversity of the intestinal microbiome, change anabolism, and improve intestinal wound restitution in animals (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16). In particular, tryptophan plays a vital role in protecting intestinal integrity by regulating the expression of TJ proteins (17)(18)(19).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tryptophan Ameliorates Barrier Integrity and Alleviates the Inflammatory Response to Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88 Through the CaSR/Rac1/PLC-γ1 Signaling Pathway in Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cells

Liu

Wang

et al. 2021

Front. Immunol.

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BackgroundImpaired intestinal barrier integrity plays a crucial role in the development of many diseases such as obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, and type 2 diabetes. Thus, protecting the intestinal barrier from pathological disruption is of great significance. Tryptophan can increase gut barrier integrity, enhance intestinal absorption, and decrease intestinal inflammation. However, the mechanism of tryptophan in decreasing intestinal barrier damage and inflammatory response remains largely unknown. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that tryptophan can enhance intestinal epithelial barrier integrity and decrease inflammatory response mediated by the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR)/Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1)/phospholipase Cγ1 (PLC-γ1) signaling pathway.MethodsIPEC-J2 cells were treated with or without enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88 in the absence or presence of tryptophan, CaSR inhibitor (NPS-2143), wild-type CaSR overexpression (pcDNA3.1-CaSR-WT), Rac1-siRNA, and PLC-γ1-siRNA.ResultsThe results showed that ETEC K88 decreased the protein concentration of occludin, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), claudin-1, CaSR, total Rac1, Rho family member 1 of porcine GTP-binding protein (GTP-rac1), phosphorylated phospholipase Cγ1 (p-PLC-γ1), and inositol triphosphate (IP3); suppressed the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER); and enhanced the permeability of FITC-dextran compared with the control group. Compared with the control group, 0.7 mM tryptophan increased the protein concentration of CaSR, total Rac1, GTP-rac1, p-PLC-γ1, ZO-1, claudin-1, occludin, and IP3; elevated the TEER; and decreased the permeability of FITC-dextran and contents of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and TNF-α. However, 0.7 mM tryptophan+ETEC K88 reversed the effects induced by 0.7 mM tryptophan alone. Rac1-siRNA+tryptophan+ETEC K88 or PLC-γ1-siRNA+tryptophan+ETEC K88 reduced the TEER, increased the permeability of FITC-dextran, and improved the contents of IL-8 and TNF-α compared with tryptophan+ETEC K88. NPS2143+tryptophan+ETEC K88 decreased the TEER and the protein concentration of CaSR, total Rac1, GTP-rac1, p-PLC-γ1, ZO-1, claudin-1, occludin, and IP3; increased the permeability of FITC-dextran; and improved the contents of IL-8 and TNF-α compared with tryptophan+ETEC K88. pcDNA3.1-CaSR-WT+Rac1-siRNA+ETEC K88 and pcDNA3.1-CaSR-WT+PLC-γ1-siRNA+ETEC K88 decreased the TEER and enhanced the permeability in porcine intestine epithelial cells compared with pcDNA3.1-CaSR-WT+ETEC K88.ConclusionTryptophan can improve intestinal epithelial barrier integrity and decrease inflammatory response through the CaSR/Rac1/PLC-γ1 signaling pathway.

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“…The Trp:Lys reported by Baker and Chung (1992) was 18:100 for pigs from 10 to 20 kg of body weight. Recently Naatjes et al (2014), using broken-line, curvelinear plateau and exponential models, for pigs from 15 to 35 kg of live weight, observed a better feed:gain for a diet based on wheat when the Trp:Lys was 17.0:100, 18.5:100, and 19.7:100, Contents lists available at ScienceDirect journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/livsci respectively. For a diet based on corn the better ratios were 19.9:100, 20.9:100, and 20.9:100, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Differences in digestible Trp:Lys are observed in many studies, especially because of mathematical models and response used (Naatjes et al, 2014), as well as environmental factors (Le Floc'h and Seve, 2007), sex and genetic potential of animals. Furthermore, most of the studies did not determine the ileal digestibility of AA contained in the ingredients or in the diet with the lowest level of digestible Trp and Lys.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous determination of standardized ileal digestible tryptophan and lysine for barrows from 15 to 30kg live weight

et al. 2015

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The digestible amino acid (AA) determination of ingredients, or experimental diets, are essential in obtaining the real levels of AA that are being studied, as well as of other indispensable AA, because the lack of a single indispensable AA may limit pig growth performance. Two experiments were conducted to determine the optimum levels and the ideal ratio of standardized ileal digestible (SID) Trp and Lys for barrows from 15 to 30 kg of live weight. The first experiment (Exp. 1) was conducted to determine the SID AA content of the basal diet used in the growth performance study (Exp. 2). Ten crossbred barrows (21.57 1.6 kg live weight) were used in Exp. 1. Pigs were fed a basal diet and a protein free diet to determine the SID of Trp, Lys, and all other indispensable AA of the basal diet. In Exp. 2, 64 barrows (15.0 71.6 kg) were allotted to 16 diets in a 4 Â 4 factorial arrangement of treatments (1.55, 1.85, 2.15, and 2.45 g SID Trp and 9.72, 11.12, 12.52, and 13.92 g SID Lys/kg) with 4 replications per treatment. In both Exp. 1 and 2, each pig was considered as an experimental unit. Growth performance, Longissimus muscle (LM), backfat thickness, and plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) were evaluated. Average daily feed intake and average daily gain increased linearly (Po 0.05) with increasing levels of SID Trp. There was a quadratic effect (P¼ 0.04) of dietary SID Trp and Lys levels on the gain:feed, and the optimal levels were estimated to be 2.1 (0.65 g/Mcal ME) and 11.98 g/kg (3.71 g/Mcal ME), respectively, resulting in a SID Trp:Lys of 17.5:100. A quadratic effect of SID Trp (P¼ 0.021) and Lys (P ¼0.026) levels on LM was observed, and the optimum levels were 2.08 and 11.36 g/kg diet, respectively, with a Trp:Lys of 18.3:100. The amount of PUN decreased linearly (P¼ 0.004) as SID Lys increased. For pigs used in our study (between 15 and 30 kg live weight), the SID Trp and SID Lys requirements are 2.10 and 11.98 g/kg, respectively. The corresponding Trp:Lys are 17.5:100.

show abstract

Effect of dietary tryptophan to lysine ratio on growth of young pigs fed wheat–barley or corn based diets

Cited by 16 publications

References 19 publications

Intestinal tryptophan metabolism in disease prevention and swine production

Intestinal tryptophan metabolism in disease prevention and swine production

Tryptophan Ameliorates Barrier Integrity and Alleviates the Inflammatory Response to Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88 Through the CaSR/Rac1/PLC-γ1 Signaling Pathway in Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cells

Simultaneous determination of standardized ileal digestible tryptophan and lysine for barrows from 15 to 30kg live weight

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