Effect of High Fat Diet on Weight Loss Through the Expression of Uncouple Protein 1 in Mice Visceral Fat

Abstract

Obesity has become an epidemic around the world. High fat diet (HFD) have been implemented as one of intervention to battle obesity. Uncouple protein 1 (UCP1) is one of the key factor on energy expenditure. The aim of this experiment is to see the macronutrients composition on weight loss and UCP1 expression in the visceral fat. Fifty male mice, 2-3 months old, 18-30 grams, were put in five different groups. K1 (20% protein, 62.0% carbohydrate, 12% fat), K2 (60% protein, 0% carbohydrate, 30% fat), K3 (45% protein, 0% carbohydrate, 45% fat), K4 (30% protein, 0% carbohydrate, 60% fat), K5 (15% protein, 0% carbohydrate, 75% fat). The experiment was done in four weeks, mice body weight was measured every week. UCP1 expression seen using immunohistochemistry staining was measured at the end of the fourth week. Significant weight loss was achieved by K4 (-9.60±3.81) gram by the end of week four (p<0.05). K4 had the least amount of visceral fat. The result was that K4 achieved a significant visceral fat mass (0.02±0.06) gram compared to K1 (0.53±0.08) gram. Compared to other groups K5 expressed UCP1 more than the others (3.78±3.72) cphfp. HFD fed groups produced significant weight loss, group that had the greatest weight loss is K4. Meanwhile, each group had a variety of UCP1 expression.

Effect of Long-Term Ketogenic Diet in Mice Serum Adiponectin

“…In benzopyreneinduced mice, ketogenic diet with a fat has protein ratio of 60 : 30 that can reduce weight gain (Utami et al 2021). The high-fat diet group with a composition of 30% protein, 60% fat, and 0% carbohydrate experienced the most weight loss and had the least amount of visceral fat compared to other diet groups (Syahraya et al 2020). In condition with lack of carbohydrates, body will carry out gluconeogenesis to provide adequate energy.…”

The effect of long-term ketogenic diet on serum adiponectin and insulin-like growth factor-1 levels in mice

“…As well as CCK, one of the hormones to stimulate full sensation after a meal [36] Increased leptin and CCK levels both can decrease food intake and body fat through its anorexigenic effect [36,37]. Regulation of appetite hormones together with increased lipolysis that occurs in KD, can reduce visceral fat mass and stimulate slower body weight gain [12,31].…”

“…Short-term KD has been known to have beneficial effects against obesity by inducing weight loss associated with increased adiponectin levels [9]. Previous studies in mice using KD regimen consisting of 60% fat, 30% protein, and 10% fiber for 4 weeks also showed a decrease in body weight and visceral fat mass [12]. However, the long-term effect of this KD composition on IGF-1 and adiponectin levels is not clearly understood and still requires further research.…”