Effect of Lactobacillus gasseri PA3 on gut microbiota in an in vitro colonic simulation

Abstract

It has been reported that Lactobacillus gasseri PA3 has an ability to absorb exogenous purines in the intestine to reduce a risk of gout and hyperuricemia. However, influences of this strain on gut microbiota and their metabolisms remain unclear. Herein, we aimed to investigate the effect of L. gasseri PA3 on microbiota composition and metabolisms. L. gasseri PA3 was isolated from yogurt and supplemented into a single‐stage colonic fermentation in a culture volume of 30 ml and subjected to in vitro colonic simulation for 8 days. Microbiota composition was determined with 16S rRNA (V3 + V4) sequencing, and their metabolisms were predicted by PICRUSt. Short‐chain fatty acids were measured by GC‐MS. We found that L. gasseri PA3 reduced the diversity of microbiota, increased the relative abundances of Lactobacillus (73.5%) and Escherichia (36.5%), and decreased Bacterioides and Phascolarctobacterium. Total amount of short‐chain fatty acids was found to decline. Fundamental metabolisms, especially nucleotide, was significantly higher after intervention with L. gasseri PA3, but the purine metabolism was lower, which means that PA3 might reduce uric acid concentrations by weakening purine metabolism. Our results indicated that L. gasseri PA3 can survive and play a role in the ascending colon environment. Therefore, the evaluation of the effect of L. gasseri PA3 on intestinal microbes and their metabolisms has great guiding significance for the development of treatment to prevent gout.

Intestinal Mucosal Characteristic Flora in Diarrhea with Intestinal Dampness-Heat Syndrome

“…Speci cally, the adhesion of Lactobacillus to the cell surface of the intestinal mucosa was the primary condition for its colonisation and maximum probiotic effect (inhibition of pathogenic bacteria colonisation, regulation of intestinal ora balance and promotion of the immune response). Lactobacillus gasseri could antagonize helicobacter pylori infection [22] , its strain Lactobacillus gasseri PA3 had a de nitive regulating effect of reducing purine and balancing serum uric acid level [23] , and strain Lactobacillus gasseri APC 678 revealed a potential effect of inhibiting the growth of clostridium di cile [24] . Emerging evidence elucidated that Lactobacillus salivarius existed a certain adsorption effect which could colonize and grow well on the intestinal surface to exert its immunomodulatory effect and improved local mucosal immunity of small intestine.…”

Can Probiotics and Diet Promote Beneficial Immune Modulation and Purine Control in Coronavirus Infection?

“…The gastrointestinal tract (GT) presents a microbiome inhabited by a mass of active bacteria that are important for the maturation of immune cells, affecting human health status [ 51 , 70 ]. These bacteria belong mainly to three phyla: Bacteriodetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria.…”

“…Firstly, they have to survive in acid conditions of the stomach to exhibit beneficial health impacts [ 75 ]. Then these microorganism strains, such as Lactobacillus, can maintain the ecological balance of the host intestinal microbiota by reinforcing intestinal flora and inhibiting harmful bacteria [ 70 ]. Several mechanisms of action can also affect the immune system.…”

“…The resistance of L. gasseri to the human gastrointestinal tract under difficult conditions is a property that allows this microorganism to colonize the gut, improving the microbiome [ 103 , 106 ]. A recent study showed that L. gasseri PA3 modulated the diversity of the microbiota after in vitro fermentation, increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Escherichia, and decreased Bacteroides and Phascolarctobacterium [ 70 ].…”

Nasally inhaled therapeutics and vaccination for COVID‐19: Developments and challenges

“…For instance, Lactobacillus , a bacteria widely used in probiotic supplements with no known safety issues, has been explored as a vaccine vector to develop a nasal spray vaccine for COVID‐19, which can colonize the respiratory mucosa in harmony with other bacteria lining the airway and provide a longer protection time. 11 Lactobacillus is inexpensive to prepare and ready for genetic modification, thereby reducing the cost of antigen purification. Considering the severe shortage of vaccines in most developing countries, this and similar others can be valuable in fighting against the SARS‐CoV‐2 and its variants, which are still ravaging the world.…”