Effect of Natural Oil Based Polyols on the Properties of Flexible Polyurethane Foams Blown by Distilled Water

Abstract

Generally, the flexible polyurethane foams were synthesized by mainly petroleum-based polyols. In this present study, Caradol SA34-05 (petroleum-based polyol) was replaced by Emerox® 14001 (natural oil-based polyol) with 0-50 wt% replacement to prepare flexible polyurethane foam by one shot method. The NCO index (NCO equivalent/OH equivalent) was fixed at 1.00. The characteristic times such as cream time, gel time, rise time and tack free time were followed during cup test. The physical properties were characterized and studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and foam density. The tensile and compression properties were investigated by UTM machine. The results show that the foam density decreased with increasing Emerox® 14001 contents up to 20 wt% replacement and then decreased. This trandency was similar to tensile modulus, compressive modulus and compressive strength results. The cell size of foams was important parameter to control their properties. However, tensile strength and elongation at break were enhanced by the addition of Emerox® 14001 at 20 wt% contents replacement and then decreased at higher content. Both parameters rely on balance between urethane linkages and urea microdomain and/or polyurea ball contents(urea aggregate), which were rapidly generated by isocyanate group and water. The increased Emerox® 14001 contents required more isocyanate. As a result, more urea microdomain were produced leading to the decreasing of tensile strength and elongation at break. Moreover, the compression set of the foams was dependent upon amount of urea linkages which was generated from the reaction of isocyanate group and water.

Production of Biodegradable Palm Oil-Based Polyurethane as Potential Biomaterial for Biomedical Applications

“…The tensile behavior of the polyurethane is mainly dependent on the concentration of the hard and soft segments and the intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the hard and soft segments that making the polyurethane becoming more rigid [ 51 ]. The decreased in elongation at break at higher isocyanate index could be due to the increased amounts of urethanes, urea and hydrogen bonded urea in the polymer matrices which had limited the motion of the polyurethane chain [ 52 ].…”

Thermal, Mechanical, and Morphological Properties of Rigid Crude Glycerol‐Based Polyurethane Foams Reinforced With Nanoclay and Microcrystalline Cellulose

“…Polyurethane foaming is a complicated process, and the contents of primary hydroxyl and secondary hydroxyl groups in CG‐polyols have significant effects on the foaming characteristic time. It has been reported that the secondary hydroxyl group is less reactive than the primary hydroxyl group . Therefore, the CG‐polyol with more primary hydroxyl groups can result in a quick foaming process.…”

Sound absorption behavior of flexible polyurethane foams including high molecular‐weight copolymer polyol

“…The cavity and pore structures are developed during polymerization of polyurethane foams, and final cell morphology is strongly related to the gelling and blowing reactions. The gelling reaction occurs in the formation of the urethane linkages between isocyanate and polyol, and the blowing reaction leads to the formation of the urea linkages and CO 2 gas by the reactions between isocyanate and water . In addition, solidification of the polyurethane matrix by gelling process and cavity expansion by blowing process occurs simultaneously, and thus, the cell morphology is the result of competition between gelling and blowing reactions.…”

“…Noise pollution, in particular, eg, structural and airborne noise, is a major issue that has to be resolved because of the fact that it poses latent health hazards to the hearing of drivers and passengers . Therefore, automotive manufacturers have been adopting porous mediums as sound absorbents to achieve both noise pollution reduction and enhancing the comfort of car travel . Absorption of a sound wave in porous materials can be mainly achieved by 2 representative mechanisms: frictions with air and dissipation by collision with cell walls .…”