Objectives:The lipid peroxidation-derived aldehyde 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) has been implicated in a number of oxidative stress-induced inflammatory pathologies such as neurodegenerative diseases and aging. In this regard, we investigated the effects of HNE on neuroinflammatory responses by measuring cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) induction with cytokine production. In addition, we measured nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2)/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) signaling proteins, and antioxidant enzymes heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate dehydrogenase, quinone 1 (NQO1), and compared the results with quercetin and monochloropivaloylquercetin (MPQ) pretreated microglial cells. Materials and Methods: Cytotoxicity was determined by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay and production of cytokines was determined by cytokine array. Furthermore, intracellular Nfr2/Keap1 signaling proteins, HO-1, NQO1, and COX-2 expression were analyzed by western blot in 2.5 μM HNE treated BV-2 cells. Results: Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and COX-2 mRNA levels were measured with reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. HNE induced both COX-2 mRNA and protein levels, iNOS mRNA expression, and cytokine production. In addition, HNE markedly increased Keap1 levels and decreased cytoplasmic Nrf-2 expression with antioxidant enzyme HO-1 levels. Quercetin and monochloropivaloylquercetin treatment alleviated neuroinflammatory responses in microglial cells, by decreasing COX-2 mRNA expression. Monochloropivaloylquercetin decreased cytoplasmic Keap1 levels and increased nuclear translocation of Nrf-2 resulted in induction of HO-1 and NQO1 expression. Conclusion: These results suggest that HNE could be a link between oxidative stress and inflammation in BV-2 microglia cells. In particular, monochloropivaloylquercetin alleviated inflammation, probably by decreasing the expression of proinflammatory genes and strengthening the antioxidant defense system. Key words: 4-Hydroxynonenal, microglia, quercetin, inflammation, cyclooxygenase-2, hemeoxygenase-1 ÖZ Amaç: Lipit peroksidasyonu ürünü aldehit, 4-hidroinonenal (HNE), nörodejeneratif hastalıklar ve yaşlanma gibi oksidatif strese bağlı inflamatuvar patolojilerle ilişkilendirilmiştir. Bu bağlamda, HNE'nin nöroinflamatuvar cevap üzerine etkisini siklooksijenaz-2 (COX-2), indüklenebilir nitrik oksit sentaz (iNOS) ifadelenmeleri ve sitokin üretimi üzerinden incelenmiştir. Bunlara ek olarak, nükleer faktör eritroid 2-ilişkili faktör 2 (Nrf2)/ Kelch-benzeri ECH-ilişkili protein 1 (Keap1) sinyal proteinleri, antioksidan enzimler hemoksijenaz-1 (HO-1) ve nikotinamid adenin dinükleotit fosfat dehidrojenaz, kinon 1 (NQO1) ifadelenme düzeyleri ölçüldü ve sonuçlar kersetin ve monokloropivaloilkersetin uygulanan hücrelerle karşılaştırılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Sitotoksisite MTT (3-(4,5-dimetiltiyazol-2-yl)-2,5-difeniltetrazolyum bromit) indirgenme y...