Effect of Saccharides on the Glass-Forming Tendency and Stability of Solutions of 2,3-Butanediol, 1,2-Propanediol, or 1,3-Butanediol in Water, Phosphate-Buffered Saline, Euro-Collins Solution, or Saint Thomas Cardioplegic Solution

Thermal study of simple amino-alcohol solutions

“…Thermograms on cooling and warming were obtained with a Perkin-Elmer DSC 7 apparatus controlled with Pyris Software (version 3.7), on samples of a few milligrams (3:89 AE 0:97 mg). Initially, we conducted the experiments as in previous work [2,29] using standard aluminium pans (PerkinElmer, 0219-0062) designed for volatile samples. However, chemical description of these compounds indicates that they are corrosive to Al [19].…”

“…The theoretical value of q, considered as before [1,2,4,5,11,29] to be proportional to x, is chosen such that its maximum value q max fits the experimental values. Since x ¼ 1 corresponds to q ¼ q max , x ¼ q=q max .…”

“…On warming, the thermograms of 21AE or 31AP are not as simple for most polyalcohols [2]. When the solution is initially wholly amorphous (no crystallization peak observed on previous cooling) and when warming is not fast enough to avoid ice formation, one observes first the glass transition, then the devitrification peak corresponding to ice formation on warming, and before the nonisothermal peak corresponding to ice melting, a small exothermic peak (examples are given for 21AE in Fig.…”

“…The vitreous transition temperature T g is determined as usual [1] at the inflexion point between the limits at which the slope of the curve changes through the glass transition. The top of the devitrification peak is called T d as usual [1,2,5,11,29].…”

“…The temperature T m of the end of ice melting can be defined, as for most of the solutions studied [1,2,5,11,29], as the top of the temperature of the ice melting peak on warming at the smallest warming rate (here 1 K/min). The corrections using the leading edge method [5,9,23] …”