Effect of supporting materials on the electrocatalytic activity, stability and selectivity of noble metal-based catalysts for oxygen reduction and hydrogen evolution reactions

Enhancement of Activity and Development of Low Pt Content Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Acid Media

“…In particular, utilization of carbons doped with different heteroatoms provide active sites for metal attachment, and tend to stabilize Pt centers at the electrocatalytic interface. Through implementation of the metal oxide additives characterized by good corrosion resistance, durability of the carbon carriers can be improved under highly aggressive (acidic) conditions existing during operation PEMFCs (3) [ 17 , 19 ]. Thus, it is not surprising that great deal of research has been devoted to search for suitable metal oxide materials as cocatalysts of potential importance to the PEMFC applications.…”

“…In general, carbons are characterized by high electrical conductivity, and large surface areas are used as supports for Pt-based catalysts. As illustrated in Figure 6 , among other important factors are the carbon porosity, degree of graphitization, and the presence of surface functional groups [ 17 , 104 , 105 , 106 ]. Due to insufficient resistance against the oxidative corrosion of the commonly used carbon blacks (Vulcan XC-72 and Ketjen black), the recent fuel cell research has concentrated on functionalization and modification of carbon materials to mitigate this limitation [ 107 ].…”

“…The existence of strong interactions between MO x and noble metal (Pt) nanoparticles (1) should improve the stability and activity of the metal catalytic sites due to modification of the Pt electronic structure and diminishing of the oxo (OH) species adsorption on Pt surface, thus promoting centers for the adsorption of oxygen (reactant molecule) and the cleavage of O=O bonds [16]. The interactions mentioned above would also facilitate dispersion of Pt, inhibit their detachment and further aggregation, and, consequently, prevent or decrease their degradation during the fuel cell operation [17,18]. 1, 2, and 3, respectively) between catalytic platinum, carbon support (carrier), and metal oxide additive (cocatalyst).…”

The Pivotal Role of s‐, p‐, and f‐Block Metals in Water Electrolysis: Status Quo and Perspectives

“…[ 9 ] Consequently, a great deal of attention has been paid to simultaneously reduce the amount of noble metal and increasing the catalyst durability. It has been well documented that physically hybridizing nanosized noble metal‐based compounds with carbon matrices [ 10–14 ] and chemically binding of single noble metal atoms with special support [ 15–18 ] are two powerful tricks to alleviate the above issues. By carbon hybridization, the aggregation of nanosized noble metal‐based compounds can be effectively inhibited.…”

“…[9] Consequently, a great deal of attention has been paid to simultaneously reduce the amount of noble metal and increasing the catalyst durability. It has been well documented that physically hybridizing nanosized noble metal-based compounds with carbon matrices [10][11][12][13][14] and chemically binding of single noble metal Transition metals, in particular noble metals, are the most common species in metal-mediated water electrolysis because they serve as highly active catalytic sites. In many cases, the presence of nontransition metals, that is, s-, p-, and f-block metals with high natural abundance in the earth-crust in the catalytic material is indispensable to boost efficiency and durability in water electrolysis.…”