Effect of the hand on cellular phone radiation

Francavilla, M. A.; Schiavoni, A.; Bertotto, P.; Richiardi, G.

doi:10.1049/ip-map:20010543

Cited by 23 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Conventionally, the mobile handset is placed very close to the head and partially masked by the human fingers where a certain amount of electromagnetic energy passes through the head and the hand rather than being directly radiated. Numerous studies have examined the interaction between the electromagnetic fields radiated by the mobile handset, the human head, the hand [1][2][3][4], additional conductors such as external objects (wire-framed spectacles, hands-free) [5][6] and metallic implants (surgical pins, jewellery) [7][8][9] that may also have effects on the amount of the electromagnetic field radiated by the antenna. In recent years, a number of studies have focused on the effect of metallic jewellery such as earring worn on the ear [8,9] and implanted metallic loops and pins inside the head [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These investigations found that the metallic earrings, metallic loops and rings could increase the SAR. As the hand is found to give a noticeable effect on the antenna radiation performance and could also modify the SAR distribution in the head [2], the introduction of the metallic ring/bangle worn on the hand is expected to have an additional effect. In order to study the effect brought about by the jewellery rings on SAR, a simplified geometrical representation of the human finger/arm worn the ring/bangle has been presented [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A study on the effect of loop-like jewellery items worn on human hand on specific absorption rate (SAR) at 1900 MHz

Samsuri

Flint

2008

2008 Loughborough Antennas and Propagation Conference

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Citation: SAMSURI, N.A. and FLINT, J.A., 2008 Abstract: This paper presents simulation results that evaluate the effect of loop-like jewellery items (rings and bangles) worn on human fingers and wrist on SAR in the human head and the hand. The jewellery items were modelled as conducting objects with the typical commercial sizes available. Rings were placed on different fingers in a computer model for comparison purposes. The amount of energy absorbed in the head/hand and the effect brought about by the jewellery are shown to vary for different antennas. In this study, a monopole and a PIFA antenna have been employed. The results obtained indicated that: (i) by using a monopole antenna, the peak and average 1g SAR in the head are slightly decreased by the introduction of the ring and bangle, (ii) by using a PIFA, the peak and average 1g SAR in the head are increase by more than 12% and 11% respectively by the metallic rings.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study on the effect of loop-like jewellery items worn on human hand on specific absorption rate (SAR) at 1900 MHz

Samsuri

Flint

2008

2008 Loughborough Antennas and Propagation Conference

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A UE antenna usually has a large half-power beamwidth for its main lobe. In addition, the impact of the user's hand holding the mobile phone on the radiation pattern of the phone antenna results in the near-omnidirectional radiation pattern [25,26]. Therefore, for simplicity, in our study the UE's antenna is considered to have omnidirectional radiation pattern and hence the attitude of UE is irrelevant in the investigation.…”

Section: The Model Of Channel Gainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attitude Estimation for In-Service Base Station Antenna Using Downlink Channel Fading Statistics

Cen

Yin

et al. 2015

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A maximum-likelihood-estimation method is proposed for extracting the attitude of a sectoring base station (BS) antenna by using the received signal strengths observed by multiple user equipments (UEs) in this contribution. This method calculates the likelihood function of the antenna attitude derived by taking into account the multiscale fading statistics, that is, path loss, shadowing, and multipath fading. Depending on whether a calibration result of these fading statistics is available or not, the proposed method can be utilized in either calibration-based estimation (CBE) or calibration-free estimation (CFE) approaches. The performance of both methods is evaluated by Monte-Carlo simulations and real experiments. The results obtained demonstrate that the estimation accuracy of both CBE and CFE approaches increases when the percentage of UEs in the line-of-sight (LoS) condition among all available UEs increases and, moreover, the total number of UEs has no significant impact on the estimation accuracy. Furthermore, the CFE exhibits more robust performance than the CBE particularly in the case where the calibration results involve uncertainties.

show abstract

“…in the head [15]. However, the effect of hand on the antenna radiation characteristics is significant and can not be neglected [5,24]. As illustrated in Fig.…”

Section: Head and Hand Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of Dual Band Helical and Pifa Handset Antennas With Human Head and Hand

Ebrahimi-Ganjeh¹,

Attari²

2007

PIER

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract-Helical antenna and planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) are two commonly used handset antennas. This paper presents a comprehensive study on the performance of a dual band PIFA and a dual band helical antenna designed for operating in GSM900 and DCS1800 frequency bands. Radiation patterns and VSWR of these antennas are computed in free space as well as in the presence of head and hand. The specific absorption rate (SAR) of the helical antenna is calculated and compared with that of the PIFA handset antenna. The peak average SAR in the head is compared with SAR limits in the safety standards and so the maximum radiation power of each antenna is determined. In addition, radiation efficiencies of these handset antennas are computed in the presence of head and hand. All numerical simulations are performed using the Ansoft HFSS software. Numerical simulations results are in good agreement with published measurement results.

show abstract

Effect of the hand on cellular phone radiation

Cited by 23 publications

References 10 publications

A study on the effect of loop-like jewellery items worn on human hand on specific absorption rate (SAR) at 1900 MHz

A study on the effect of loop-like jewellery items worn on human hand on specific absorption rate (SAR) at 1900 MHz

Attitude Estimation for In-Service Base Station Antenna Using Downlink Channel Fading Statistics

Interaction of Dual Band Helical and Pifa Handset Antennas With Human Head and Hand

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About